Atmospheric new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines in a Chinese megacity,Science

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Atmospheric new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines in a Chinese megacity
Science ( IF 44.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-19 , DOI: 10.1126/science.aao4839
Lei Yao ₁ , Olga Garmash ₂ , Federico Bianchi _{2,

3} , Jun Zheng ₄ , Chao Yan ₂ , Jenni Kontkanen _{2,

5} , Heikki Junninen _{2,

6} , Stephany Buenrostro Mazon ₂ , Mikael Ehn ₂ , Pauli Paasonen ₂ , Mikko Sipilä ₂ , Mingyi Wang ₁ , Xinke Wang ₁ , Shan Xiao ₁ , Hangfei Chen ₁ , Yiqun Lu ₁ , Bowen Zhang ₁ , Dongfang Wang ₇ , Qingyan Fu ₇ , Fuhai Geng ₈ , Li Li ₉ , Hongli Wang ₉ , Liping Qiao ₉ , Xin Yang _{1,

10,

11} , Jianmin Chen _{1,

10,

11} , Veli-Matti Kerminen ₂ , Tuukka Petäjä _{2,

12} , Douglas R. Worsnop _{2,

13} , Markku Kulmala _{2,

3} , Lin Wang _{1,

10,

11,

13}

Affiliation

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Laboratory of Environmental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China.
Shanghai Meteorology Bureau, Shanghai 200135, China.
Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing 210023, China.
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences (JirLATEST), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Aerodyne Research, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.

A puzzle of new particles Atmospheric particulates can be produced by emissions or form de novo. New particle formation usually occurs in relatively clean air. This is because preexisting particles in the atmosphere will scavenge the precursors of new particles and suppress their formation. However, observations in some heavily polluted megacities have revealed substantial rates of new particle formation despite the heavy loads of ambient aerosols. Yao et al. investigated new particle formation in Shanghai and describe the conditions that make this process possible. The findings will help inform policy decisions about how to reduce air pollution in these types of environments. Science, this issue p. 278 Atmospheric new particle formation in heavily polluted cities can occur in certain chemical environments. Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important global phenomenon that is nevertheless sensitive to ambient conditions. According to both observation and theoretical arguments, NPF usually requires a relatively high sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration to promote the formation of new particles and a low preexisting aerosol loading to minimize the sink of new particles. We investigated NPF in Shanghai and were able to observe both precursor vapors (H2SO4) and initial clusters at a molecular level in a megacity. High NPF rates were observed to coincide with several familiar markers suggestive of H2SO4–dimethylamine (DMA)–water (H2O) nucleation, including sulfuric acid dimers and H2SO4-DMA clusters. In a cluster kinetics simulation, the observed concentration of sulfuric acid was high enough to explain the particle growth to ~3 nanometers under the very high condensation sink, whereas the subsequent higher growth rate beyond this size is believed to result from the added contribution of condensing organic species. These findings will help in understanding urban NPF and its air quality and climate effects, as well as in formulating policies to mitigate secondary particle formation in China.

更新日期：2018-07-19

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