Water erosion control is one of the most important ecosystem services provided by soil conservation techniques (SCTs), which are being widely used to alter soil and water processes and improve ecosystem services. But few studies have focused on providing this service using various techniques across the world. Here, a comprehensive review was conducted to compare the effects of SCTs on water erosion control. We conducted a meta-analysis consisting of 1589 sample plots in 22 countries to identify SCTs, which we classified into three groups: biological techniques (BTs, such as afforestation and grain for green), soil management techniques (STs, such as no tillage and soil amendment), and engineering techniques (ETs, such as terraces and contour bunds). Our results were as follows: (1) The SCTs had significant positive effects on water erosion control, and they were generally more effective at reducing annual soil loss (84%) than at reducing annual runoff (53%). (2) The BTs (e.g., 88% for soil and 55% for runoff) were generally more effective at reducing soil and water loss than ETs (e.g., 86% for soil and 44% for runoff) and STs (e.g., 59% for soil and 48% for runoff). (3) On bare lands, the efficiency of water erosion control decreased as the terrain slope increased, but this value increased as the slope increased on croplands and orchards. Furthermore, the effects of SCTs on runoff and soil loss reduction were most efficient on 25°–40° slopes in croplands and on 20°–25° slopes in orchards. (4) The SCTs were more efficient on croplands and orchards in temperate climate zone (CZ), while those on bare lands were more effective in tropical CZ. (5) The SCTs in Brazil and Tanzania were more effective at reducing runoff and soil loss than those in the USA, China and Europe.

水蚀控制是土壤保护技术（SCT）提供的最重要的生态系统服务之一，被广泛用于改变土壤和水的过程并改善生态系统服务。但是很少有研究集中于使用世界各地的各种技术来提供这项服务。在这里，进行了全面的审查，以比较SCTs对水蚀控制的影响。我们对22个国家/地区的1589个样地进行了荟萃分析，以识别SCT，我们将其分为三类：生物技术（BT，例如造林和绿化谷物），土壤管理技术（ST，例如免耕和耕作）。土壤改良剂）和工程技术（ET，例如梯田和等高线堤）。我们的研究结果如下：（1）SCT对水蚀控制具有显着的积极作用，与减少年度径流（53％）相比，它们在减少年度水土流失（84％）方面通常更为有效。（2）BTs（例如，土壤88％，径流55％）在减少水土流失方面通常比ETs（例如，土壤86％，径流44％）和STs（例如59％ （土壤）和48％（径流）。（3）在光秃秃的土地上，水蚀控制的效率随地形坡度的增加而降低，但随着耕地和果园坡度的增加而增加。此外，SCTs对径流和减少土壤流失的影响在农田的25°–40°坡度和果园的20°–25°坡度上最为有效。（4）SCT在温带气候区（CZ）的农田和果园中效率更高，而在裸地上的SCT在热带CZ时更有效。