We characterized the spatiotemporal epidemiology of rabies from January 2009 through March 2014 across the interface between a wildlife reserve and communal livestock farming area in South Africa. Brain tissue from 344 animals of 28 different species were tested for lyssavirus antigen. Of these, 146 (42.4%) samples tested positive, of which 141 (96.6%) came from dogs. Brain samples of dogs were more likely to test positive for lyssavirus antigen if they were found and destroyed in the reserve, compared to samples originating from dogs outside the reserve (65.3% vs. 45.5%; odds ratio (OR) = 2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27-4.03), despite rabies surveillance outside the reserve being targeted to dogs that have a higher index of suspicion due to clinical or epidemiological evidence of infection. In the reserve, dogs were more likely to test positive for rabies if they were shot further from villages (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.18-1.71) and closer to water points (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.21-0.81). Our results provide a basis for refinement of existing surveillance and control programs to mitigate the threat of spillover of rabies to wildlife populations.

中文翻译：

---

狂犬病的时空流行病学在南非家犬与野生动物之间的交界处。

我们对2009年1月至2014年3月期间狂犬病的时空流行病学进行了特征描述，研究对象是南非野生动植物保护区和公共牲畜养殖区之间的界面。测试了来自28个不同物种的344只动物的脑组织的狂犬病病毒抗原。在这些样本中，有146个（42.4％）样本检测为阳性，其中141个（96.6％）来自狗。与源于保护区以外的狗的样本相比，在保护区中发现并破坏了狗的脑样本的狂犬病病毒抗原阳性的可能性更高（65.3％比45.5％；优势比（OR）= 2.26，95％置信区间（CI）= 1.27-4.03），尽管在保护区外进行狂犬病监测的对象是由于感染的临床或流行病学证据而具有较高怀疑指数的狗。在储备中 如果在远离村庄的地方被枪击（OR = 1.42，95％CI 1.18-1.71）并且离水位较近（OR = 0.41，95％CI 0.21-0.81），则狗的狂犬病更可能呈阳性。我们的结果为完善现有的监视和控制程序提供了基础，以减轻狂犬病对野生生物种群外溢的威胁。