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Reading and Myopia: Contrast Polarity Matters.
Scientific Reports ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-Jul-18 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28904-x
Andrea C. Aleman , Min Wang , Frank Schaeffel

In myopia the eye grows too long, generating poorly focused retinal images when people try to look at a distance. Myopia is tightly linked to the educational status and is on the rise worldwide. It is still not clear which kind of visual experience stimulates eye growth in children and students when they study. We propose a new and perhaps unexpected reason. Work in animal models has shown that selective activation of ON or OFF pathways has also selective effects on eye growth. This is likely to be true also in humans. Using custom-developed software to process video frames of the visual environment in realtime we quantified relative ON and OFF stimulus strengths. We found that ON and OFF inputs were largely balanced in natural environments. However, black text on white paper heavily overstimulated retinal OFF pathways. Conversely, white text on black paper overstimulated ON pathways. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in young human subjects, we found that the choroid, the heavily perfused layer behind the retina in the eye, becomes about 16 µm thinner in only one hour when subjects read black text on white background but about 10 µm thicker when they read white text from black background. Studies both in animal models and in humans have shown that thinner choroids are associated with myopia development and thicker choroids with myopia inhibition. Therefore, reading white text from a black screen or tablet may be a way to inhibit myopia, while conventional black text on white background may stimulate myopia.

中文翻译:

阅读和近视:对比极性问题。

在近视眼中,眼睛长得太长,当人们试图远距离观看时会产生聚焦不良的视网膜图像。近视与教育程度紧密相关,并且在世界范围内呈上升趋势。尚不清楚哪种视觉体验会刺激儿童和学生学习时的眼睛发育。我们提出了一个新的,也许是意想不到的理由。动物模型中的工作表明,选择性激活ON或OFF通路也对眼睛的生长具有选择性的影响。这在人类中也可能是正确的。使用定制开发的软件实时处理视觉环境的视频帧,我们量化了相对于ON和OFF刺激强度。我们发现,在自然环境中,“开”和“关”输入在很大程度上是平衡的。但是,白皮书上的黑色文字严重刺激了视网膜OFF通路。反过来,黑纸上的白色文本在通路上过度刺激。在年轻人中使用光学相干断层扫描(OCT),我们发现,当受试者在白色背景上阅读黑色文字时,仅在1小时内,脉络膜(眼内视网膜后部的高度灌注层)变薄了约16 µm,这大约是10 µm。当他们从黑色背景读取白色文本时,颜色变粗。在动物模型和人类中的研究均表明,较薄的脉络膜与近视发展有关,而较厚的脉络膜与近视抑制有关。因此,从黑屏或平板电脑读取白色文字可能是抑制近视的一种方法,而白色背景上的常规黑色文字可能会刺激近视。当受试者在白色背景上阅读黑色文本时,仅在一个小时内,眼睛视网膜后部的大量灌注层就会变薄约16 µm,而在黑色背景上读取白色文本时,厚度会变厚约10 µm。在动物模型和人类中的研究均表明,较薄的脉络膜与近视发展有关,而较厚的脉络膜与近视抑制有关。因此,从黑屏或平板电脑读取白色文字可能是抑制近视的一种方法,而白色背景上的常规黑色文字可能会刺激近视。当受试者在白色背景上阅读黑色文本时,仅在一个小时内,眼睛视网膜后部的大量灌注层就会变薄约16 µm,而在黑色背景上阅读白色文本时,厚度会变厚约10 µm。在动物模型和人类中的研究均表明,较薄的脉络膜与近视发展有关,而较厚的脉络膜与近视抑制有关。因此,从黑屏或平板电脑读取白色文字可能是抑制近视的一种方法,而白色背景上的常规黑色文字可能会刺激近视。在动物模型和人类中的研究均表明,较薄的脉络膜与近视发展有关,而较厚的脉络膜与近视抑制有关。因此,从黑屏或平板电脑读取白色文字可能是抑制近视的一种方法,而白色背景上的常规黑色文字可能会刺激近视。在动物模型和人类中的研究均表明,较薄的脉络膜与近视发展有关,而较厚的脉络膜与近视抑制有关。因此,从黑屏或平板电脑读取白色文字可能是抑制近视的一种方法,而白色背景上的常规黑色文字可能会刺激近视。
更新日期:2018-07-19
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