Abstract Hydroxyapatite nanocrystals were synthesized by wet chemical precipitation using bio-waste shells of mollusk (clam and mussel) and egg as feedstock materials. The powdered shells were calcined, dissolved in water, and the resulting product was reacted with phosphoric acid. X-ray diffraction analysis identified pure phase of hydroxyapatite for the three different raw materials. Transmission electron microscopy observations of hydroxyapatite indicated that rod-like crystals were produced in nanometric scale, which showed pH-dependent surface charges using zeta potential analysis. Overall, this study proved that calcium-rich bio-wastes are valuable materials to be used as feedstock for production of high purity and economically feasible hydroxyapatite nanocrystals for biomedical and technological applications.

中文翻译：

---

从富含钙的生物废物中合成羟基磷灰石纳米晶体

摘要 以软体动物（蛤和贻贝）和鸡蛋的生物废料壳为原料，通过湿法化学沉淀法合成羟基磷灰石纳米晶。将粉状壳煅烧，溶解在水中，所得产物与磷酸反应。X 射线衍射分析确定了三种不同原料的羟基磷灰石纯相。羟基磷灰石的透射电子显微镜观察表明，在纳米尺度上产生了棒状晶体，使用 zeta 电位分析显示出与 pH 相关的表面电荷。总的来说，这项研究证明富含钙的生物废物是可用作生产高纯度和经济上可行的羟基磷灰石纳米晶体的原料的宝贵材料，用于生物医学和技术应用。