Plums and apricots are among the most popular fruits in Serbia and kernels of these are generally disposed of as waste. In common with other organic waste products there is potential to utilise these kernels in wastewater treatment. A new generation of highly-efficient biochars were therefore developed for low-cost wastewater treatment. The aim of this work was to prepare functionalized biochars from different fruit industry waste biomass and to evaluate their ability to for lead and chromium adsorption. Fruit kernel based biochars were synthesized by pyrolysis and functionalized with sulphuric acid. The biochars were characterized using: proximate-ultimate analysis, the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller technique, surface functional group analysis with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, pH_pzc and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Heavy metal adsorption by biochars was studied using different process parameters was shown to occur through different adsorption mechanisms. Three kinetic and two isotherm models were applied to the experimental data. Sulphur-containing functional groups on the biochar surface played an important role in binding. The high adsorption efficiency is attributed to surface complexation of biochar functional groups with heavy metal ions. Based on these results, biochars could be used as a highly efficient adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

李子和杏子是塞尔维亚最受欢迎的水果，其中的果仁通常作为废物处理。与其他有机废物产品一样，有可能在废水处理中利用这些颗粒。因此，开发了新一代的高效生物炭用于低成本废水处理。这项工作的目的是从不同的水果行业废物生物质中制备功能化的生物炭，并评估其吸附铅和铬的能力。通过热解合成基于果仁的生物炭，并用硫酸对其进行功能化。使用以下方法对生物炭进行表征：近似终极分析，Brunauer，Emmett和Teller技术，傅立叶变换红外光谱法对表面官能团进行分析，pH _pzc扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X射线光谱学。使用不同的工艺参数研究了生物炭对重金属的吸附，结果表明该吸附是通过不同的吸附机理发生的。将三个动力学模型和两个等温模型应用于实验数据。生物炭表面上的含硫官能团在结合中起着重要作用。高吸附效率归因于生物炭官能团与重金属离子的表面络合。基于这些结果，生物炭可以用作从水溶液中去除重金属的高效吸附剂。