Recent years has witnessed increasing development and exploitation of fluorescence techniques which has been spurred by the discovery, design and synthesis of novel fluorescent molecules. In the realm of nucleic acids, both modest and dramatic structural modification of the nucleobase may engender it with fluorescence. This review focuses on the design, synthesis and applications of purine nucleoside analogs possessing fluorescently modified nucleobases, particularly for detection of nucleic acid sequences or for structural studies on nucleic acids. Thus, fluorescent nucleoside/nucleotide analogs that can be incorporated into oligonucleotides and report changes due to base-pairing/stacking or microenvironmental alterations, such as polarity changes in the grooves, are highlighted. Whenever available, the photophysical mechanism giving rise to the environmental responsiveness of the fluorescent nucleoside/tide is presented.

近年来目睹了荧光技术的不断发展和利用，这是由于新型荧光分子的发现，设计和合成而引起的。在核酸领域，核碱基的适度和剧烈的结构修饰都可能使其带有荧光。这篇综述着重于具有荧光修饰的核碱基的嘌呤核苷类似物的设计，合成和应用，特别是用于核酸序列的检测或核酸的结构研究。因此，突出显示了可以掺入寡核苷酸并报告由于碱基配对/堆积或微环境改变（例如凹槽中的极性改变）而引起的改变的荧光核苷/核苷酸类似物。只要有空，