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Characterization of indicator tree species in neotropical environments and implications for geological mapping
Remote Sensing of Environment ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2018.07.009
Cibele Hummel do Amaral , Teodoro Isnard Ribeiro de Almeida , Carlos Roberto de Souza Filho , Dar A. Roberts , Stephen James Fraser , Marcos Nopper Alves , Moreno Botelho

Abstract Geobotanical remote sensing (GbRS) in the strict sense is an indirect approach to obtain geological information in heavily vegetated areas for mineral prospecting and geological mapping. Using ultra- and hyperspectral technologies, the goals of this research comprise the definition and mapping of Neotropical tree species that are associated with geological facies (here called geo-environments) as well as their spectral discrimination at leaf and crown scales. This work also aims to investigate the possible relationship between leaf and crown spectral and chemical properties. The study was developed at the Mogi-Guacu Ecological Station, in the Cerrado domain, southeastern Brazil. Data from 70 sample units, such as sediment texture and species from inventories, were first analyzed through vectorial quantization using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). Principal Component Analysis and Spearman's ranked correlation coefficients were used to define geo-environments and target-species, respectively. Biochemical and visible to shortwave infrared (VSWIR) point spectral data (350–2500 nm) were collected from the leaves of the target-species, during both rainy and dry seasons. Spectral data from target-species crowns were obtained from hyperspectral images (530–2.532 nm, ProSpecTIR-VS sensor) with 1 m spatial resolution, and acquired in the beginning of the dry season. These spectra were classified using Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) with two endmembers (EMs). Based on the MESMA results with two EMs, the best dataset per target-species was chosen for pixel-based image unmixing with three EMs (target-species, other vegetation types and shade). From 121 species sampled in the field, two proved to be associated with floodplains (Alluvial Deposits sequence), two with hills and plateaus of the Aquidauna Formation (Carboniferous sedimentary rocks, Parana Basin), and two more with a specific facies of the Aquidauna Formation that has a distinctive presence of coarse and very coarse sand. Five target-species were well discriminated at the leaf scale, reaching 90.0% and 85.0% of global accuracies in the rainy season and in the dry season, respectively. Accurate spectral discrimination appears to be linked to the considerable biochemical variability of their leaves in both seasons. Three species were discriminated at the crown scale, with 70.6% of global accuracy. When eight other landscape scale vegetation classes were included in the analyses, only Qualea grandiflora Mart. produced a satisfactory accuracy (61.1% and 100% of producer and user's accuracies, respectively). The spatial distribution of its fraction in the unmixed image, particularly, matches with the geological facies to which it was associated in the field. Ecological requirements for successfully mapping indicator species include broad and random distribution of the target-species' population, and singular physiological, phenological (and spectral) behavior at the imagery acquisition date. Our study shows that, even in tropical conditions, it is possible to use plant species mapping to support geological delineation, where rock exposures are typically rare.

中文翻译:

新热带环境中指示树种的特征及其对地质绘图的影响

摘要 严格意义上的地植物遥感(GbRS)是一种间接获取植被茂密地区地质信息的方法,用于矿产勘探和地质测绘。使用超光谱和高光谱技术,本研究的目标包括定义和绘制与地质相(此处称为地理环境)相关的新热带树种以及它们在叶和树冠尺度上的光谱区分。这项工作还旨在研究叶和树冠光谱和化学特性之间可能的关系。该研究是在巴西东南部塞拉多地区的 Mogi-Guacu 生态站开展的。来自 70 个样本单位的数据,例如沉积物质地和清单中的物种,首先使用自组织映射 (SOM) 通过矢量量化进行分析。主成分分析和斯皮尔曼等级相关系数分别用于定义地理环境和目标物种。在雨季和旱季,从目标物种的叶子中收集生化和可见光至短波红外 (VSWIR) 点光谱数据(350-2500 nm)。来自目标物种冠的光谱数据是从空间分辨率为 1 m 的高光谱图像(530-2.532 nm,ProSpecTIR-VS 传感器)中获得的,并在旱季开始时获得。使用具有两个端元 (EM) 的多端元光谱混合分析 (MESMA) 对这些光谱进行分类。基于两个 EM 的 MESMA 结果,每个目标物种的最佳数据集被选择用于与三个 EM(目标物种、其他植被类型和阴影)的基于像素的图像分离。从实地采样的 121 个物种中,两个被证明与漫滩(​​冲积沉积序列)有关,两个与 Aquidauna 组(石炭纪沉积岩,巴拉那盆地)的丘陵和高原有关,另外两个与 Aquidauna 组的特定相有关具有独特的粗砂和非常粗砂的存在。五个目标物种在叶尺度上得到了很好的区分,在雨季和旱季分别达到了全球精度的 90.0% 和 85.0%。准确的光谱鉴别似乎与两个季节叶片的生化变化相当大有关。在冠标上区分了三个物种,有 70 个。6% 的全局准确率。当分析中包括其他八个景观尺度植被类别时,只有 Qualea grandiflora Mart。产生了令人满意的准确度(分别为生产者和用户准确度的 61.1% 和 100%)。它在未混合图像中的空间分布尤其与它在现场相关的地质相匹配。成功绘制指示物种的生态要求包括目标物种种群的广泛和随机分布,以及图像采集日期的奇异生理、物候(和光谱)行为。我们的研究表明,即使在热带条件下,也可以使用植物物种绘图来支持地质划定,因为岩石暴露通常很少见。当分析中包括其他八个景观尺度植被类别时,只有 Qualea grandiflora Mart。产生了令人满意的准确度(分别为生产者和用户准确度的 61.1% 和 100%)。它在未混合图像中的空间分布尤其与它在现场相关的地质相匹配。成功绘制指示物种的生态要求包括目标物种种群的广泛和随机分布,以及图像采集日期的奇异生理、物候(和光谱)行为。我们的研究表明,即使在热带条件下,也可以使用植物物种绘图来支持地质划定,因为岩石暴露通常很少见。当分析中包括其他八个景观尺度植被类别时,只有 Qualea grandiflora Mart。产生了令人满意的准确度(分别为生产者和用户准确度的 61.1% 和 100%)。它在未混合图像中的空间分布尤其与它在现场相关的地质相匹配。成功绘制指示物种的生态要求包括目标物种种群的广泛和随机分布,以及图像采集日期的奇异生理、物候(和光谱)行为。我们的研究表明,即使在热带条件下,也可以使用植物物种绘图来支持地质划定,因为岩石暴露通常很少见。产生了令人满意的准确度(分别为生产者和用户准确度的 61.1% 和 100%)。它在未混合图像中的空间分布尤其与它在现场相关的地质相匹配。成功绘制指示物种的生态要求包括目标物种种群的广泛和随机分布,以及图像采集日期的奇异生理、物候(和光谱)行为。我们的研究表明,即使在热带条件下,也可以使用植物物种绘图来支持地质划定,因为岩石暴露通常很少见。产生了令人满意的准确度(分别为生产者和用户准确度的 61.1% 和 100%)。它在未混合图像中的空间分布尤其与它在现场相关的地质相匹配。成功绘制指示物种的生态要求包括目标物种种群的广泛和随机分布,以及图像采集日期的奇异生理、物候(和光谱)行为。我们的研究表明,即使在热带条件下,也可以使用植物物种绘图来支持地质划定,因为岩石暴露通常很少见。与它在现场相关联的地质相匹配。成功绘制指示物种的生态要求包括目标物种种群的广泛和随机分布,以及图像采集日期的奇异生理、物候(和光谱)行为。我们的研究表明,即使在热带条件下,也可以使用植物物种绘图来支持地质划定,因为岩石暴露通常很少见。与它在现场相关联的地质相匹配。成功绘制指示物种的生态要求包括目标物种种群的广泛和随机分布,以及图像采集日期的奇异生理、物候(和光谱)行为。我们的研究表明,即使在热带条件下,也可以使用植物物种绘图来支持地质划定,因为岩石暴露通常很少见。
更新日期:2018-10-01
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