Abstract This paper describes the processing, microstructure, optical and electrical properties of the nanocrystalline (NC) niobium and zinc doped titanium-tin-oxide (TTO:NZ) based ceramics. Variety of techniques was employed (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive, Raman and impedance spectroscopy) in the characterization of the obtained TTO:NZ, which confirmed the formation of NC solid-solution matrix with Ti0.8Sn0.2O2 composition. A specific highly dense (approximately 97% of the theoretical density was reached) varistor like microstructure (matrix metal-oxide grains surrounded by the grain-boundary regions) and accordingly resembling electrical properties (breakdown electric field of approximately 130 V/mm and nonlinearity coefficient of α ≈ 6.5) were achieved through double cation doping and elected condition of the mechanochemical solid-state synthesis. Impedance response analysis of TTO:NZ ceramics by means of an equivalent electrical circuit based on the brick-layer model for polycrystalline materials revealed the presence of two temperature dependent electrical relaxation phenomena of the non-Debye type as well as the negative temperature coefficient of resistance behavior.

中文翻译：

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铌锌掺杂钛锡氧化物固溶体陶瓷：合成、结构和电学表征

摘要 本文描述了纳米晶 (NC) 铌锌掺杂的氧化钛锡 (TTO:NZ) 基陶瓷的加工、微观结构、光学和电学性能。使用各种技术（X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散、拉曼和阻抗光谱）表征所获得的 TTO:NZ，证实形成具有 TiO.8Sn0.2O2 成分的 NC 固溶体基质. 特定的高密度（达到理论密度的约 97%）压敏电阻样微观结构（基体金属氧化物晶粒被晶界区域包围），因此具有类似的电特性（击穿电场约 130 V/mm 和非线性系数） α ≈ 6。5) 通过双阳离子掺杂和机械化学固态合成的选择条件实现。通过基于多晶材料的砖层模型的等效电路对 TTO:NZ 陶瓷的阻抗响应分析揭示存在两种非德拜型的温度相关电弛豫现象以及电阻的负温度系数行为。