Rechargeable Li-metal batteries using high-voltage cathodes can deliver the highest possible energy densities among all electrochemistries. However, the notorious reactivity of metallic lithium as well as the catalytic nature of high-voltage cathode materials largely prevents their practical application. Here, we report a non-flammable fluorinated electrolyte that supports the most aggressive and high-voltage cathodes in a Li-metal battery. Our battery shows high cycling stability, as evidenced by the efficiencies for Li-metal plating/stripping (99.2%) for a 5 V cathode LiCoPO₄ (~99.81%) and a Ni-rich LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ cathode (~99.93%). At a loading of 2.0 mAh cm⁻², our full cells retain ~93% of their original capacities after 1,000 cycles. Surface analyses and quantum chemistry calculations show that stabilization of these aggressive chemistries at extreme potentials is due to the formation of a several-nanometre-thick fluorinated interphase.

使用高压阴极的可充电锂金属电池可以提供所有电化学中最高的能量密度。然而，金属锂臭名昭著的反应性以及高压正极材料的催化性质在很大程度上阻碍了它们的实际应用。在这里，我们报告了一种不可燃的氟化电解质，它支持锂金属电池中最具腐蚀性和高电压的阴极。我们的电池显示出高循环稳定性，如 5 V 正极 LiCoPO ₄ (~99.81%) 和富镍 LiNi _0.8 Mn _0.1 Co _0.1 O ₂正极 ( 99.2%) 的锂金属电镀/剥离效率 (99.2%) 所证明。~99.93%）。负载为 2.0 mAh cm ^-2，我们的全电池在 1,000 次循环后仍保留其原始容量的约 93%。表面分析和量子化学计算表明，这些腐蚀性化学物质在极端电位下的稳定性是由于形成了几纳米厚的氟化中间相。