Burgeoning demands for mobility and private vehicle ownership undermine global efforts to reduce energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Advanced vehicles powered by low-carbon sources of electricity or hydrogen offer an alternative to conventional fossil-fuelled technologies. Yet, despite ambitious pledges and investments by governments and automakers, it is by no means clear that these vehicles will ultimately reach mass-market consumers. Here, we develop state-of-the-art representations of consumer preferences in multiple global energy-economy models, specifically focusing on the non-financial preferences of individuals. We employ these enhanced model formulations to analyse the potential for a low-carbon vehicle revolution up to 2050. Our analysis shows that a diverse set of measures targeting vehicle buyers is necessary to drive widespread adoption of clean technologies. Carbon pricing alone is insufficient to bring low-carbon vehicles to the mass market, though it may have a supporting role in ensuring a decarbonized energy supply.

对机动性和私家车拥有的日益增长的需求破坏了全球减少与能源有关的温室气体排放的努力。由低碳电力或氢气驱动的先进车辆是传统化石燃料技术的替代品。然而，尽管政府和汽车制造商做出了雄心勃勃的承诺和投资，但仍不清楚这些汽车最终将不会吸引大众市场的消费者。在这里，我们开发了多种全球能源经济模型中消费者偏好的最新表示形式，特别关注个人的非金融偏好。我们使用这些增强的模型公式来分析直至2050年的低碳汽车革命的潜力。我们的分析表明，有必要针对汽车购买者采取一系列不同的措施，以推动清洁技术的广泛采用。尽管碳定价可能对确保脱碳的能源供应起辅助作用，但仅靠碳定价不足以将低碳汽车推向大众市场。