Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in airborne particulate matter (APM) can cause adverse effects on human health, especially in urban and (current and former) industrial areas. The severity of health effects depends on the availability of the PTEs for absorption into the human body. The bio-accessible fraction of PTEs in APM, i.e. released in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, was estimated in the present study. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters containing previously collected airborne particulate matter were directly analysed by electrothermal vaporisation into inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ETV-ICPOES) to obtain the total concentrations of several trace elements (Sb, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn). The results were cross-validated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) analysis of acid-digested samples. Subsequently, the bio-accessibility of the investigated elements was estimated by leaching the filters with simulated saliva (for 10 min, pH 6.5) and gastric juice (for 2 h, pH < 1). Separate aliquots were also leached with lung fluid (pH 7.4) for 1 h to 56 h. Two leaching groups were identified with saliva: As, Cr, Cu and Sb (2.5% released), and Cr, Sr and Zn (15% released). With gastric juice, 26% of As, Cr, Cu, Ni and Sb, and 77% of Zn, Sr and Pb were released on average. With lung fluid, 56 h leaching was as follows: Sb, 1.1%; As, 2.2%; Cr, 78%; Cu, 9%; Ni, 62%; Pb, 61%; Sr, 46%; V, 32%; and Zn, 89%. The high bio-accessibility of Pb in gastric juice and lung fluid may pose a health risk if such APM is inhaled or swallowed.

中文翻译：

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使用固体采样ETV-ICPOES来测量总浓度并通过模拟唾液，胃液和肺液浸出以评估生物可及性，评估沉积在空气过滤器上的空气中颗粒物中微量元素的风险评估

空气中颗粒物（APM）中的潜在有毒元素（PTE）可能对人体健康造成不利影响，尤其是在城市以及（当前和以前的）工业领域。健康影响的严重性取决于PTE吸收到人体中的可用性。APM中PTE的生物可及部分，即在本研究中估计在胃肠道和肺中释放。包含先前收集的空气中颗粒物的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）过滤器通过电热蒸发直接分析到电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ETV-ICPOES）中，以获得几种痕量元素（Sb，As，Cd，Cr，Cu，Mn的总浓度） ，Ni，Pb，Sr，V和Zn）。使用酸消化的样品的电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICPMS）分析对结果进行交叉验证。随后，通过用模拟唾液（10分钟，pH 6.5）和胃液（2 h，pH <1）浸出过滤器来评估所研究元素的生物可及性。还用肺液（pH 7.4）将单独的等分试样浸出1 h至56 h。唾液分为两个浸出组：As，Cr，Cu和Sb（释放2.5％）和Cr，Sr和Zn（释放15％）。胃液平均释放出26％的As，Cr，Cu，Ni和Sb，以及77％的Zn，Sr和Pb。用肺液浸出56h如下：Sb，1.1％； Sb，1.1％。As为2.2％；铬，78％; 铜9％; 镍62％; 铅61％; Sr，46％；V，32％；锌为89％。如果吸入或吞咽此类APM，则其在胃液和肺液中的高生物可及性可能构成健康风险。