Catalytic glycerol dehydration provides a sustainable route to produce acrolein because glycerol is a bioavailable platform chemical. However, in this process catalysts are rapidly deactivated due to coking. This paper examines and discusses recent insights into coking of catalysts during catalytic glycerol dehydration. The nature and location of coke and the rate of coking depend on feedstock, operating conditions, and the acidity and pore structure of the solid catalysts. Several methods have been suggested for inhibiting the coking and slowing the deactivation of catalyst, including (1) cofeeding of oxygen, (2) tuning of the pore size of the solid acid catalysts, (3) doping noble metals (Ru, Pt, Pd) into the solid acid catalysts, and (4) designing new reactors. The present methods for inhibiting coking are still unsatisfactory. The deactivated catalysts can be regenerated by removing coke. Nevertheless, the rapid deactivation of the regenerated catalyst remains problematic. The literature survey indicates that the exact chemical compositions of the coke on the catalyst during glycerol dehydration remain elusive. The thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanism of coking need to be probed so as to advance the development of a catalyst with high activity, selectivity, and resistance to coking to put the catalytic glycerol dehydration into practice.

中文翻译：

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甘油催化脱水制丙烯醛过程中催化剂的焦化

催化甘油脱水提供​​了生产丙烯醛的可持续途径，因为甘油是一种生物可利用的平台化学品。然而，在该方法中，催化剂由于焦化而迅速失活。本文研究并讨论了在甘油催化脱水过程中对催化剂结焦的最新见解。焦炭的性质和位置以及焦化速率取决于原料，操作条件以及固体催化剂的酸度和孔结构。已经提出了几种抑制焦化和减慢催化剂失活的方法，包括（1）氧气的共进料；（2）调整固体酸催化剂的孔径；（3）掺杂贵金属（Ru，Pt，Pd） ）添加到固体酸催化剂中，以及（4）设计新的反应器。目前用于抑制焦化的方法仍然不能令人满意。可以通过除去焦炭来使失活的催化剂再生。然而，再生催化剂的快速失活仍然是有问题的。文献调查表明，甘油脱水期间催化剂上焦炭的确切化学组成仍然难以捉摸。需要探究焦化的热力学，动力学和机理，以促进具有高活性，选择性和焦化抗性的催化剂的开发，以将甘油催化脱水付诸实践。