Insensitive munitions (IMs) are replacing conventional munitions, improving safety from unintended detonation. IMs are deployed in mixture formulations but little is known about their mixture toxicology. We characterized mixture effects of the IM formulations IMX-101 (mixture of 2,4-dinitroanisole [DNAN], 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one [NTO], and nitroguanidine [NQ]) and IMX-104 (DNAN, NTO, and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine [RDX]) in subchronic (10 d) and chronic (35 d) water-only tests in Hyalella azteca assessing impacts on survival, growth and reproduction. In 10-d single chemical exposures, DNAN was the most potent constituent, eliciting an LC50 of 16.0 mg/L; the LC50s for NTO and NQ were 891 and 565 mg/L, respectively. RDX did not elicit significant mortality up to 29.5 mg/L, a concentration near its solubility limit. Based on toxic-units (TUs), the toxicity of IMX-101 was driven by the effective concentration of DNAN; however, the presence of NTO, RDX, or both elicited interactive effects causing an approximately 2-fold decrease in lethality for IMX-104. Growth reduction was observed in 10-d exposures to DNAN, IMX-101 and IMX-104, but not for NQ, NTO, or RDX. Longer exposure duration (35 d) to IMX-101, IMX-104, and DNAN resulted in 3–6 times higher sensitivity for lethality and resulted in the most sensitive endpoint for DNAN, RDX, and IMX-101 exposures, decreased reproduction. Slight, but statistically significant, antagonistic responses among IMX-101 constituents were observed for survival and reproduction at 35d. Overall, the results support response-additive summation as a sufficient method to provide conservative hazard assessments of subchronic, chronic, and sublethal IMX-101 and IMX-104 mixture impacts in H. azteca.

不敏感弹药（IM）取代了常规弹药，提高了意外爆炸的安全性。IM在混合物配方中部署，但对其混合物毒理学知之甚少。我们表征了IM制剂IMX-101（2,4-二硝基苯甲醚[DNAN]，3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮[NTO]和硝基胍[NQ]的混合物）和IMX的混合作用-104（DNAN，NTO和六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪[RDX]）在Hyalella azteca的亚慢性（10 d）和慢性（35 d）纯水测试中评估对生存，生长和繁殖的影响。在10天单次化学暴露中，DNAN是最有效的成分，LC50为16.0 mg / L。NTO和NQ的LC50分别为891和565 mg / L。RDX在高达29.5 mg / L（接近其溶解度极限的浓度）时不会引起显着的死亡率。基于毒性单位（TUs），IMN-101的毒性是由DNAN的有效浓度驱动的。但是，NTO，RDX或两者的存在会引起交互作用，导致IMX-104的致死率降低约2倍。在DNA-N，IMX-101和IMX-104暴露10天后观察到生长减少，但NQ，NTO或RDX没有观察到生长减少。IMX-101，IMX-104和DNAN的暴露时间更长（35 d），致死性敏感性提高了3-6倍，并且对DNAN，RDX，和IMX-101曝光会降低复制率。在35d时观察到IMX-101成分之间的轻微但具有统计学意义的拮抗反应，用于存活和繁殖。总体而言，结果支持响应加法求和，这是对亚慢性，慢性和亚致死IMX-101和IMX-104混合物影响进行保守危害评估的充分方法。H. azteca。