A novel bottom-up synthesis route based on hydrogen bonds has been developed to prepare NaVPO₄F/C (NVPF/C) composite as the cathode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). NVPF grains are anchored through effective hydrogen bonds between the fluorine ions and hydrogen atoms inside the sol-gel template, which endows the final product an interconnected and porous three-dimensional (3D) coral-like structure composed by oriented packing of uniform nanoparticles (15–20 nm). The as-prepared NVPF/C exhibits excellent rate capability and extraordinary cyclic stability. The corresponding discharge capacities at 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 C range from 106, 102, 99, 98, 93, 90 to 88 mAh g⁻¹ respectively. At 5 C, it releases an initial capacity of 100 mAh g⁻¹, and still maintains 70 mAh g⁻¹ after 2500 cycles, corresponding to a very low capacity fading of 0.012% per cycle. The uniform nanometers sized (15–20 nm) fundamental particles and nanopores (3–8 nm) of as-prepared NVPF/C endow the efficient transfer of both electrons and sodium ions. This work implies that the novel 3D coral-like structured NVPF/C is a very promising high-performance cathode for SIBs, and the new synthetic method can also be applied to prepare other fluorine contained polyanion-type materials.

已开发出一种基于氢键的新的自下而上的合成路线，以制备NaVPO ₄ F / C（NVPF / C）复合材料作为钠离子电池（SIB）的阴极材料。NVPF颗粒通过溶胶-凝胶模板内部氟离子与氢原子之间的有效氢键锚定，从而使最终产品具有相互连接的多孔三维（3D）珊瑚状结构，该结构由均匀纳米粒子的定向堆积组成（15 –20 nm）。所制备的NVPF / C具有出色的速率能力和出色的循环稳定性。在1、2、5、10、20、30和50 C时的相应放电容量分别为106、102、99、98、93、90至88 mAh g ^-1。在5 C下，它释放的初始容量为100 mAh g ^-1，并且在2500个循环后仍保持70 mAh g ^-1，相当于每个循环0.012％的极低容量衰减。制备的NVPF / C具有均匀的纳米尺寸（15–20 nm）基本粒子和纳米孔（3–8 nm），可有效转移电子和钠离子。这项工作表明，新颖的3D珊瑚状结构NVPF / C是用于SIB的非常有前途的高性能阴极，并且这种新的合成方法还可用于制备其他含氟聚阴离子型材料。