Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as one of the many new and promising biomarkers for liquid biopsy of cancer due to their loading capability of some specific proteins and nucleic acids that are closely associated with cancer states. As such, the isolation and detection of cancer‐derived EVs offer important information in noninvasive diagnosis of early‐stage cancer and real‐time monitoring of cancer development. In light of the importance of EVs, over the last decade, researchers have made remarkable innovations to advance the development of EV isolation and detection methods by taking advantage of microfluidics, biomolecule probes, nanomaterials, surface plasmon, optics, and so on. This review introduces the basic properties of EVs and common cancer‐derived EV ingredients, and provides a comprehensive overview of EV isolation and detection strategies, with emphasis on liquid biopsies of EVs for cancer diagnostics.

中文翻译：

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细胞外囊泡的分离和检测在癌症诊断中的最新进展

细胞外囊泡（EVs）由于其对某些与癌症状态密切相关的特定蛋白质和核酸的负载能力而成为癌症液体活检的许多新的有前途的生物标志物之一。因此，分离和检测源自癌症的电动汽车可为早期癌症的非侵入性诊断和癌症发展的实时监测提供重要信息。鉴于电动汽车的重要性，在过去的十年中，研究人员进行了引人注目的创新，以利用微流体，生物分子探针，纳米材料，表面等离子体激元，光学器件等优势来推动电动汽车隔离和检测方法的发展。这篇评论介绍了电动汽车和常见的癌症衍生电动汽车成分的基本特性，