Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a form of naturally occurring calcium apatite present in bone and tooth enamel. It is an important biomaterial with diverse biomedical applications such as a surface coating for metallic orthopedic implants. Synthesized pristine HAP has poor mechanical properties, inferior wear resistance and has limits for directly used in bone tissue engineering applications. To address these limitations, we synthesized a suitable orthopedic implant hybrid material (M-HAP/PCL/GO) by using positively charged calcium ions of mineralized HAP (M-HAP) combined with Polycaprolactone-negatively charged graphene oxide (PCL-GO). The successfully synthesized M-HAP/PCL/GO composite was comprehensively characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The micro-hardness technique was used to determine the mechanical strength of M-HAP (315 ± 4 Hv), M-HAP/GO (370 ± 3 Hv) and M-HAP/PCL/GO (455 ± 5 Hv). M-HAP/PCL/GO was also tested for its anti-bactericidal impact against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. MG63 osteoblast cells cultured on the M-HAP/PCL/GO composite (10 mg/mL) coated sample, displayed outstanding viability after 3 and 5 days of incubation at pH 7.4, which indicated that the composite is suitable material for bone implants and induces the cell proliferation. It was also tested in vivo in Wistar rats and was observably beneficial bone formation within 28 days post-implant operation. These tests proved that the M-HAP/PCL/GO composite can be considered as a prospective candidate for future bone implant applications.

中文翻译：

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用于骨植入物的钛合金上矿化羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯-氧化石墨烯基生物活性多功能涂层的体外和体内表征

摘要 羟基磷灰石 (HAP) 是一种天然存在的钙磷灰石，存在于骨骼和牙釉质中。它是一种重要的生物材料，具有多种生物医学应用，例如金属骨科植入物的表面涂层。合成的原始HAP机械性能差，耐磨性差，直接用于骨组织工程应用受到限制。为了解决这些限制，我们通过使用带正电荷的矿化 HAP (M-HAP) 的钙离子与聚己内酯带负电荷的氧化石墨烯 (PCL-GO) 合成了一种合适的骨科植入物混合材料 (M-HAP/PCL/GO)。成功合成的 M-HAP/PCL/GO 复合材料通过傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FT-IR) 进行了综合表征，粉末 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FE-SEM)。显微硬度技术用于测定 M-HAP (315 ± 4 Hv)、M-HAP/GO (370 ± 3 Hv) 和 M-HAP/PCL/GO (455 ± 5 Hv) 的机械强度。还测试了 M-HAP/PCL/GO 对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌作用。在 M-HAP/PCL/GO 复合材料 (10 mg/mL) 涂层样品上培养的 MG63 成骨细胞在 pH 7.4 下培养 3 天和 5 天后显示出出色的活力，这表明该复合材料是适合骨植入物的材料并诱导细胞增殖。它还在 Wistar 大鼠中进行了体内测试，并且在植入手术后 28 天内观察到有益的骨形成。