Several studies have shown the occurrence of poxvirus infections associated with exanthematic lesions in cattle from many Brazilian states. Coinfection between viruses belonging to 2 genera, Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) and Parapoxvirus (PPV), was already identified from the lesions of affected cows and humans. The DNA and infectious viral particles of Vaccinia virus, an OPXV, have been detected in milk of naturally and experimentally infected cows. However, to date no reports have described the detection of Pseudocowpox virus, a PPV, in milk. Thus, we investigated the presence of PPV and OPXV in milk samples obtained from dairy cows from a Brazilian region with exanthematic disease outbreaks. From 2011 to 2014, 6 dairy farms with exanthematic disease outbreaks involving dairy cows, calves, and humans were visited. Twelve crusts of cows' teat lesions and 60 milk samples were collected. The crusts and milk samples were analyzed by PCR to detect OPXV or PPV DNA. According to the analyzed crusts, we detected PPV infection in 4 of the 6 visited farms, from which we investigated the PPV contamination in milk. From the 40 milk samples tested, PPV DNA was detected in 12 samples. Of these milk samples, 8 were positive for both PPV and OPXV. This is the first report of PPV DNA detection in milk samples from affected cows, indicating that the virus may be present in milk and potentially contaminating dairy products associated or not with OPXV. In addition to the lesions caused by direct contact, the presence of 2 or more poxvirus species in milk showed that the effect of zoonotic exanthematic diseases on public health and animal husbandry is relevant and cannot be overlooked.

几项研究表明，在来自巴西许多州的牛中，牛痘病毒感染与鞘膜病变相关。已经从受影响的牛和人的病变中鉴定出属于2属的病毒，正痘病毒（OPXV）和副痘病毒（PPV）之间的共感染。牛痘病毒（一种牛痘病毒）的DNA和感染性病毒颗粒已在天然和实验感染的牛的牛奶中检测到。但是，迄今为止，尚无任何报道描述伪装痘病毒的检测牛奶中的PPV。因此，我们调查了从巴西发生放牧性疾病暴发的地区的奶牛获得的牛奶样品中PPV和OPXV的存在。从2011年到2014年，参观了6个奶牛场，小牛场和人类场，这些场场均发生了爆发性疾病，其中包括奶牛，犊牛和人类。收集了十二个奶牛乳头病变的外壳和60个牛奶样品。通过PCR分析外壳和牛奶样品，以检测OPXV或PPV DNA。根据分析的结皮，我们在6个探访的农场中的4个中检测到PPV感染，从中我们调查了牛奶中的PPV污染。从测试的40个牛奶样品中，在12个样品中检测到PPV DNA。在这些牛奶样品中，PPV和OPXV均为8阳性。这是从受影响的母牛的牛奶样品中检测PPV DNA的第一份报告，表明该病毒可能存在于牛奶中，并可能污染与OPXV相关或无关的乳制品。除了直接接触造成的损害外，牛奶中还存在2种或多种痘病毒物种，这表明人畜共患病的放血病对公共卫生和畜牧业的影响是相关的，不能忽视。