Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an ovarian growth factor that plays an important role in regulation of ovarian follicle growth. The objectives of this study were to estimate the genomic heritability of AMH and identify genomic regions associated with AMH production in a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis. Concentrations of AMH were determined in 2,905 dairy Holstein heifers genotyped using the Zoetis medium density panel (Zoetis Inclusions, Kalamazoo, MI) with 54,519 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers remaining after standard genotype quality control edits. A linear mixed model was used to model the random effects of sampling day and genomics on the logarithm of AMH. The genomic heritability (± standard error of the mean) of AMH was estimated to be 0.36 ± 0.03. Our GWA analysis inferred significant associations between AMH and 11 SNP markers on chromosome 11 and 1 SNP marker on chromosome 20. Annotated genes with significant associations were identified using the Ensembl genome database (version 88) of the cow genome (version UMD 3.1; https://www.ensembl.org/biomart). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that 2 gene ontology (GO) terms were significantly enriched in the list of candidate genes: G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186) and the detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050907). The estimated high heritability and previously established associations between AMH and ovarian follicular reserve, fertility, longevity, and superovulatory response in cattle implies that AMH could be used as a biomarker for genetic improvement of reproductive potential.

抗苗勒管激素（AMH）是卵巢生长因子，在调节卵泡生长中起重要作用。这项研究的目的是评估AMH的基因组遗传力，并在全基因组关联（GWA）分析中确定与AMH产生相关的基因组区域。在使用Zoetis中密度面板（密苏里州卡拉马祖市的Zoetis Inclusions，Zoetis Inclusions）进行基因分型的2905个乳制荷斯坦小母牛中，确定了AMH的浓度，标准基因型质量控制编辑后仍保留了54519个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记。使用线性混合模型来模拟采样日和基因组学对AMH对数的随机影响。AMH的基因组遗传力（平均值的±标准误）估计为0.36±0.03。我们的GWA分析推断出AMH与11号染色体上的11个SNP标记和20号染色体上的1个SNP标记之间的显着关联。使用母牛基因组的Ensembl基因组数据库（88版）（UMD 3.1版； https： //www.ensembl.org/biomart）。基因集富集分析表明，候选基因列表中显着富集了2个基因本体论（GO）术语：G蛋白偶联受体信号传导途径（GO：0007186）和涉及感觉知觉的化学刺激的检测（GO：0050907） 。估计的高遗传力和先前建立的AMH与牛卵泡储备，生育力，寿命和超排卵反应之间的关联性意味着AMH可以用作生物标记以提高生殖潜能。