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Plasticity reveals hidden resistance to extinction under climate change in the global hotspot of salamander diversity.
Science Advances ( IF 11.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-Jul-01 , DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar5471
Eric A. Riddell 1 , Jonathan P. Odom 1 , Jason D. Damm 1 , Michael W. Sears 1
Affiliation  

Extinction rates are predicted to rise exponentially under climate warming, but many of these predictions ignore physiological and behavioral plasticity that might buffer species from extinction. We evaluated the potential for physiological acclimatization and behavioral avoidance of poor climatic conditions to lower extinction risk under climate change in the global hotspot of salamander diversity, a region currently predicted to lose most of the salamander habitat due to warming. Our approach integrated experimental physiology and behavior into a mechanistic species distribution model to predict extinction risk based on an individual's capacity to maintain energy balance with and without plasticity. We assessed the sensitivity of extinction risk to body size, behavioral strategies, limitations on energy intake, and physiological acclimatization of water loss and metabolic rate. The field and laboratory experiments indicated that salamanders readily acclimatize water loss rates and metabolic rates in ways that could maintain positive energy balance. Projections with plasticity reduced extinction risk by 72% under climate warming, especially in the core of their range. Further analyses revealed that juveniles might experience the greatest physiological stress under climate warming, but we identified specific physiological adaptations or plastic responses that could minimize the lethal physiological stress imposed on juveniles. We conclude that incorporating plasticity fundamentally alters ecological predictions under climate change by reducing extinction risk in the hotspot of salamander diversity.

中文翻译:

可塑性揭示了全球of多样性热点地区在气候变化下对灭绝的隐藏抵抗力。

预计灭绝速度将在气候变暖下呈指数增长,但其中许多预测都忽略了可能缓冲物种灭绝的生理和行为可塑性。我们评估了全球适应of多样性热点地区气候适应气候变化和避免气候条件恶劣以降低灭绝风险的潜力,该sal目前是全球最普遍因warm变而丧失大部分lose栖息地的地区。我们的方法将实验生理学和行为整合到机械物种分布模型中,以根据个体维持能量平衡(无论是否具有可塑性)的能力来预测灭绝风险。我们评估了灭绝风险对体重,行为策略,能量摄入限制,以及水分流失和代谢率的生理适应。野外和实验室实验表明sal能以保持正能量平衡的方式使水分流失率和新陈代谢率适应。在气候变暖的情况下,尤其是在其范围的核心部分,具有可塑性的投影可以将灭绝风险降低72%。进一步的分析表明,在气候变暖下,未成年人可能会承受最大的生理压力,但是我们确定了特定的生理适应性或可塑性响应,可以最大程度地降低对少年的致命生理压力。我们得出的结论是,通过减少reducing多样性多样性热点地区的灭绝风险,纳入可塑性从根本上改变了气候变化下的生态预测。野外和实验室实验表明sal能以保持正能量平衡的方式使水分流失率和新陈代谢率适应。在气候变暖的情况下,尤其是在其范围的核心部分,具有可塑性的投影可以将灭绝风险降低72%。进一步的分析表明,在气候变暖下,未成年人可能会承受最大的生理压力,但是我们确定了特定的生理适应性或可塑性响应,可以最大程度地降低对少年的致命生理压力。我们得出的结论是,通过减少reducing多样性多样性热点地区的灭绝风险,纳入可塑性从根本上改变了气候变化下的生态预测。野外和实验室实验表明sal能以保持正能量平衡的方式使水分流失率和新陈代谢率适应。在气候变暖的情况下,尤其是在其范围的核心部分,具有可塑性的投影可以将灭绝风险降低72%。进一步的分析表明,在气候变暖下,未成年人可能会承受最大的生理压力,但是我们确定了特定的生理适应性或可塑性响应,可以最大程度地降低对少年的致命生理压力。我们得出的结论是,通过减少reducing多样性多样性热点地区的灭绝风险,纳入可塑性从根本上改变了气候变化下的生态预测。
更新日期:2018-07-12
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