Abstract There is a global goal to reduce carbon emissions and create a more sustainable world. Over the past decades, a growing share of renewable energy resources have been developed to reach this goal. Due to their intermittent nature, these resources make it more difficult for an electrical grid to remain stable as it is designed for slow-reacting, constant, and predictable power plants. This issue can be solved through energy storage for load balancing without using power plants for this operation, and with a reaction time that is much faster than conventional power plants. The implementation of energy storage seems inevitable for a more sustainable future. Still, this market has only slowly started to move in the right direction, with implementation on both large- and small-scale applications awaiting their first successes. An innovative business model may be key to this success. This study investigated how business model innovation affects firm performance in the energy storage market, by measuring firm performance on firms acting in the energy storage market. Four cases were investigated: two large-scale applications using grid-level solutions and two small-scale applications on the consumer level. Results show that business model innovation affects firm performance in the energy storage market. With current legislation limiting a true new value proposition, for large-scale applications, the business model innovation with an efficiency design theme results in higher environmental performance and, therefore, increased customer satisfaction. For small-scale applications, a business model innovation with a complementarities theme results in increased numbers of partnerships, customer segments, and channels, contributing to higher customer satisfaction through a more complete and innovative product-value proposition to the customer.

中文翻译：

---

商业模式创新如何影响储能市场的企业绩效

摘要 减少碳排放和创造一个更可持续的世界是一个全球目标。在过去的几十年里，越来越多的可再生能源被开发出来以实现这一目标。由于其间歇性，这些资源使电网更难以保持稳定，因为它是为反应缓慢、恒定且可预测的发电厂而设计的。这个问题可以通过用于负载平衡的能量存储来解决，而无需为此操作使用发电厂，并且反应时间比传统发电厂快得多。为了更可持续的未来，储能的实施似乎是不可避免的。尽管如此，这个市场才慢慢开始朝着正确的方向发展，大型和小型应用程序的实施正在等待他们的首次成功。创新的商业模式可能是取得成功的关键。本研究通过衡量在储能市场上运作的公司的绩效，调查了商业模式创新如何影响储能市场中的公司绩效。调查了四个案例：两个使用网格级解决方案的大型应用程序和两个消费级的小型应用程序。结果表明，商业模式创新会影响储能市场的企业绩效。由于现行立法限制了真正的新价值主张，对于大规模应用，以效率设计为主题的商业模式创新会带来更高的环境绩效，从而提高客户满意度。对于小规模应用，