Wind conditions in the built environment are complex in nature and characterized by lower wind speeds and higher turbulence due to the presence of obstructions. A growing body of literature and research/testing activities related to performance evaluation of small wind turbines (SWTs) in urban wind conditions have inferred that urban installed SWTs are subjected to higher level of turbulence and face dynamic loading that impedes their performance, and reduces fatigue life. This paper reviews the diverse studies conducted on the application of SWT technology in the built environment to understand the characteristics of inflowing wind, their performance and identify the gaps in the knowledge. This review paper also investigates the extent to which the international design standard for SWTs, IEC 41400-2, is valid for urban installations. The findings from this review show that the wind models incorporated in IEC 61400-2 is not suitable for installation of SWTs in the built environment. The authors recommend a thorough study through measured data and characterization of urban wind to make current standard inclusive of wind classes that characterize urban wind conditions. Thus, SWT design can be made more consistent with urban wind conditions and their performance and reliability can be assured.

中文翻译：

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建筑环境中的城市风况和小型风力涡轮机：综述

建筑环境中的风况本质上是复杂的，其特点是由于存在障碍物，风速较低，湍流较高。越来越多的与城市风力条件下小型风力涡轮机 (SWT) 性能评估相关的文献和研究/测试活动推断，城市安装的 SWT 会受到更高水平的湍流和面动态载荷的影响，这会阻碍其性能并减少疲劳生活。本文回顾了在建筑环境中应用 SWT 技术的各种研究，以了解流入风的特征、它们的性能并确定知识中的差距。本评论论文还调查了 SWT 的国际设计标准 IEC 41400-2 对城市设施的有效程度。本次审查的结果表明，IEC 61400-2 中包含的风模型不适合在建筑环境中安装 SWT。作者建议通过城市风的测量数据和特征进行彻底的研究，以使当前的标准包含表征城市风条件的风等级。因此，可以使 SWT 设计更符合城市风况，并确保其性能和可靠性。