Abstract Biofouling performance was evaluated for polyamide commercial RO membranes coated with iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) and graphene oxide (GO), under controlled conditions using a cross-flow system. Feed water obtained from the Sea of Cortez, Mexico, was pretreated, sterilized and inoculated with a high concentration (109 CFU mL−1) of Bacillus halotolerans MCC1, isolated from the Sea of Cortez. The zeta potential was determined for FeNPs and GO–FeNPs. XRD, roughness, contact angle, permeance and flux were determined for the coated and uncoated membranes. To evaluate the anti-biofouling effect, total organic carbon, total cell count, optical density and percentage of live/dead cells were determined for the biofilm. The GO–FeNP coating showed less agglomeration tendency and surface roughness compared to pure FeNP, and contact angle (49.1° ± 4.3°) similar to the uncoated membrane (50.2° ± 4.3°). Despite reducing the membrane permeance, the FeNP and GO–FeNP coatings presented larger fluxes after fouling (18% and 5.3% larger, respectively) than the fouled uncoated membrane. This was corroborated by both FeNP and GO–FeNP coated membranes presenting reduced biofilm layer thickness (89% and 65% thinner), total cell count (67% and 40% lower), optical density (40% and 48% lower) and total organic carbon (91% and 98% lower), than the uncoated membrane.

中文翻译：

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氧化石墨烯上涂有铁纳米颗粒的 RO 膜的生物污染性能

摘要 在受控条件下，使用错流系统评估了涂有铁纳米粒子 (FeNPs) 和氧化石墨烯 (GO) 的聚酰胺商用 RO 膜的生物污染性能。取自墨西哥科尔特斯海的进水经过预处理、消毒并接种高浓度 (109 CFU mL-1) 的耐盐芽孢杆菌 MCC1，从科尔特斯海分离。确定了 FeNPs 和 GO-FeNPs 的 zeta 电位。对涂覆和未涂覆的膜测定XRD、粗糙度、接触角、渗透率和通量。为了评估抗生物污损效果，测定了生物膜的总有机碳、总细胞数、光密度和活/死细胞百分比。与纯 FeNP 相比，GO-FeNP 涂层的团聚倾向和表面粗糙度更小，接触角 (49.1°±4. 3°) 类似于无涂层膜 (50.2° ± 4.3°)。尽管降低了膜渗透性，但 FeNP 和 GO-FeNP 涂层在污染后呈现出比污染的未涂层膜更大的通量（分别大 18% 和 5.3%）。FeNP 和 GO-FeNP 涂层膜都证实了这一点，它们表现出降低的生物膜层厚度（89% 和 65% 更薄）、总细胞数（降低了 67% 和 40%）、光密度（降低了 40% 和 48%）和总细胞数。有机碳（低 91% 和 98%），比未涂覆的膜。