Abstract This review comprehensively summarized the progresses in the design and modification of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures as photoelectrode materials for photoelectrochemistry (PEC) applications, mainly in solar-fuel conversion. Various kinds of TiO2 nanostructures including the nanoparticulate, one-dimensional (nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes), two-dimensional (nanobelt, nanoribbon, nanosheet), three-dimensional (meso/nanoporous, branched nanostructures, etc.), and the crystal-facet tailored TiO2 nanostructures are surveyed and discussed. For each type of nanostructure, the commonly-used and effective modification strategies are reviewed followed with a deep discussion on the properties relevant to PEC performances. Moreover, the surface modification approaches (surface disordering, passivation and decoration) on TiO2 nanostructures are highlighted for developing efficient TiO2-based PEC cells. This review will serve as a good resource or guideline for researchers who are currently focusing on TiO2 materials as well as for those who are interested in versatile semiconductor-based PEC applications.

中文翻译：

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用于光电化学应用的二氧化钛纳米结构

摘要 本综述全面总结了二氧化钛（TiO2）纳米结构作为光电化学（PEC）应用的光电极材料的设计和改性进展，主要用于太阳能燃料转换。各种TiO2纳米结构，包括纳米颗粒、一维（纳米线、纳米棒、纳米管）、二维（纳米带、纳米带、纳米片）、三维（介孔/纳米孔、分支纳米结构等）和晶体-调查和讨论了刻面定制的 TiO2 纳米结构。对于每种类型的纳米结构，都回顾了常用和有效的改性策略，然后深入讨论了与 PEC 性能相关的特性。此外，表面改性方法（表面无序，TiO2 纳米结构上的钝化和装饰）被强调用于开发高效的基于 TiO2 的 PEC 电池。对于目前专注于 TiO2 材料的研究人员以及对基于半导体的多功能 PEC 应用感兴趣的研究人员，该评论将作为一个很好的资源或指南。