The iodinated X-ray contrast medium (ICM) iopromide and its aerobic transformation products (TPs) are frequently detected in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants and in different compartments of the aquatic environment. In this study, the anaerobic transformation of iopromide and its aerobic TPs was investigated in water–sediment systems. Iopromide, its final aerobic TP didespropanediol iopromide (DDPI), and its primary aniline desmethoxyacetyl iopromide (DAMI) were used as model substances. Five biologically formed anaerobic TPs of iopromide and DAMI and six of DDPI, and the respective transformation pathways, were identified. The TPs were formed by successive deiodination and hydrolysis of amide moieties. Quantification of the iodinated TPs was achieved by further development of a complementary liquid chromatography (LC)–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-ToF-MS) and LC–inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) strategy without needing authentic standards, despite several TPs coeluting with others. A database with predicted anaerobic TPs of ICMs was derived by applying the transformation rules found for the anaerobic transformation pathways of iopromide and diatrizoate to further ICMs (iomeprol and iopamidol) and their aerobic TPs already reported in the literature. The environmental relevance of the identified transformation pathways was confirmed by identifying an experimental TP and two predicted TPs using suspect screening of water taken from anaerobic bank filtration zones.

中文翻译：

---

碘化X射线造影剂碘溴化物的厌氧转化及其有氧转化产物，并转移到其他碘化X射线造影剂中

经常在废水处理厂的废水和水生环境的不同隔室中检测到碘化X射线造影剂（ICM）碘化丙啶及其有氧转化产物（TPs）。在这项研究中，研究了水-沉积系统中碘丙啶的厌氧转化及其好氧总磷。碘溴化物，其最终的好氧TP二丙二醇碘化丙啶（DDPI）和伯胺去甲氧基甲氧基乙酰基碘化丙啶（DAMI）被用作模型物质。确定了五个生物形成的碘虫丙胺和DAMI厌氧TPs和六个DDPI厌氧TPs，以及各自的转化途径。通过连续的脱碘和酰胺基团的水解形成TP。通过进一步开发互补液相色谱（LC）-四极杆飞行时间质谱（Q-ToF-MS）和LC-电感耦合等离子体-质谱（ICP-MS）策略，实现了碘化TP的定量尽管有数个TP与其他TP协同工作，但仍需要可靠的标准。通过将针对碘丙酰胺和泛影酸盐的厌氧转化途径发现的转化规则应用到进一步的ICM（碘美普尔和碘帕醇）及其在文献中已报道的好氧TP，得出了具有预测的ICM厌氧TP的数据库。通过使用可疑筛选取自厌氧河岸过滤区的水来确定实验性TP和两个预测的TP，从而确定了所确定的转化途径的环境相关性。