The catalytic activity of engineered biochar was scrutinized for generation of glucose and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from starch-rich food waste (bread, rice, and spaghetti). The biochar catalysts were synthesized by chemical activation of pinewood sawdust with phosphoric acid at 400–600 °C. Higher activation temperatures enhanced the development of porosity and acidity (characterized by COPO₃ and CPO₃ surface groups), which imparted higher catalytic activity of H₃PO₄-activated biochar towards starch hydrolysis and fructose dehydration. Positive correlations were observed between HMF selectivity and ratio of mesopore to micropore volume, and between fructose conversion and total acid density. High yields of glucose (86.5 Cmol% at 150 °C, 20 min) and HMF (30.2 Cmol% at 180 °C, 20 min) were produced from rice starch and bread waste, respectively, over H₃PO₄-activated biochar. These results highlighted the potential of biochar catalyst in biorefinery as an emerging application of engineered biochar.

仔细研究工程生物炭的催化活性，以从富含淀粉的食物垃圾（面包，大米和意大利面条）中生成葡萄糖和羟甲基糠醛（HMF）。生物炭催化剂是通过在400–600°C下用磷酸化学活化松木锯末而合成的。较高的活化温度促进了孔隙度和酸性的发展（以C O PO ₃和C PO ₃表面基团为特征），从而赋予了H ₃ PO ₄更高的催化活性。活化的生物炭，用于淀粉水解和果糖脱水。在HMF选择性和中孔与微孔体积之比之间以及果糖转化率与总酸密度之间观察到正相关。在H ₃ PO ₄活化的生物炭上，分别从稻米淀粉和面包渣中分别产生了高产率的葡萄糖（在150°C，20分钟时为86.5 Cmol％）和HMF（在180°C，20分钟时为30.2 Cmol％）。这些结果突出了生物炭催化剂在生物精炼厂中作为工程生物炭的新兴应用的潜力。