Abstract Changes in aerosol loading affect cloud albedo and emission and Earth's radiative balance with a low level of scientific understanding. In this study, we investigate the vertical response of ice clouds to aerosols within the Indian subcontinent during monsoon season (2006–2010) based on multiple satellite observations. As a function of aerosol loading, we find that the cloud optical depth, cloud geometrical depth and ice water path decrease by 0.23 (from 0.39 to 0.16), 0.8 km (from 2.6 to 1.8 km), 5.1 g/m2 (from 7.9 to 2.8 g/m2), respectively, and that ice particles possibly decrease in size and become more spherical in shape as aerosol optical depth (AOD) increases from 0.1 to 1; these changes tend to plateau as AOD increases beyond 1. The absolute negative response between ice clouds and aerosols under moist and unstable atmospheric conditions is stronger than that under drier and stable atmospheric conditions, and vice versa. Moreover, the negative impact of smoke on ice clouds is stronger than dust and polluted dust, which is likely related to the strong absorption properties and poor ice nucleation efficiency of smoke. Aerosol impacts on ice clouds lead to a decrease in the net cloud radiative effect of 7.3 W/m2 (from 18.5 to 11.2 W/m2) as AOD increases from 0.1 to 1. This change in ice cloud properties mainly results in the decrease in downwelling LW radiation to the surface and consequently weakened radiative forcing of ice clouds during the Indian summer monsoon season.

中文翻译：

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印度夏季风季节期间冰云对气溶胶的垂直解析物理和辐射响应

摘要 气溶胶载荷的变化影响云的反照率和发射以及地球的辐射平衡，科学认识水平较低。在这项研究中，我们基于多个卫星观测研究了季风季节（2006-2010 年）期间冰云对印度次大陆气溶胶的垂直响应。作为气溶胶载荷的函数，我们发现云光学深度、云几何深度和冰水路径减少 0.23（从 0.39 到 0.16）、0.8 公里（从 2.6 到 1.8 公里）、5.1 g/m2（从 7.9 到2.8 g/m2)，并且随着气溶胶光学深度 (AOD) 从 0.1 增加到 1，冰颗粒可能会减小尺寸并变得更加球形；随着 AOD 增加超过 1，这些变化趋于平稳。在潮湿和不稳定的大气条件下，冰云和气溶胶之间的绝对负响应强于干燥和稳定的大气条件下，反之亦然。此外，烟雾对冰云的负面影响比灰尘和污染灰尘更强，这可能与烟雾的强吸收性和冰成核效率差有关。随着 AOD 从 0.1 增加到 1，气溶胶对冰云的影响导致净云辐射效应减少 7.3 W/m2（从 18.5 到 11.2 W/m2）。冰云特性的这种变化主要导致下降流减少在印度夏季风季节，LW 辐射到地表并因此减弱了冰云的辐射强迫。此外，烟雾对冰云的负面影响比灰尘和污染灰尘更强，这可能与烟雾的强吸收性和冰成核效率差有关。随着 AOD 从 0.1 增加到 1，气溶胶对冰云的影响导致净云辐射效应减少 7.3 W/m2（从 18.5 到 11.2 W/m2）。冰云特性的这种变化主要导致下降流减少在印度夏季风季节，LW 辐射到地表并因此减弱了冰云的辐射强迫。此外，烟雾对冰云的负面影响比灰尘和污染灰尘更强，这可能与烟雾的强吸收性和冰成核效率差有关。随着 AOD 从 0.1 增加到 1，气溶胶对冰云的影响导致净云辐射效应减少 7.3 W/m2（从 18.5 到 11.2 W/m2）。冰云特性的这种变化主要导致下降流减少在印度夏季风季节，LW 辐射到地表并因此减弱了冰云的辐射强迫。