As fossil fuel usage continues to increase on a global scale, effective CO₂ conversion methods become increasingly important as many different avenues are being actively explored. In the case of CO₂ reduction, Sn-based electrocatalysts and their associated electrodes have shown great promise. In this review, recent progresses in Sn-based electrocatalysts and their associated electrodes for CO₂ reduction are briefly reviewed with a focus on catalyst synthesis, electrode fabrication, and electrocatalytic performance. Sn-based catalytic performance is greatly affected by the structure, morphology and composition of the catalyst, which in turn are strongly dependent on synthesis strategies and processes. Here, three catalyst synthesis methods: hydrothermal, electrodeposition and plasma treatment methods will be discussed and analyzed. Furthermore, electrode fabrication methods using Sn-based catalysts for CO₂ electroreduction will also be discussed to optimize catalytic activity, stability, and product selectivity so as to maximize CO₂ electroreduction performance. Finally, several technical challenges are analyzed and future research directions are proposed to facilitate further research and development toward the practical usage of Sn-based catalysts.

随着全球范围内化石燃料使用量的持续增加，有效的CO ₂转化方法变得越来越重要，因为正在积极探索许多不同的途径。在CO ₂还原的情况下，Sn基电催化剂及其相关电极已显示出广阔的前景。在这篇综述中，锡基电催化剂及其相关电极用于CO _2的最新进展简述了还原反应，重点是催化剂合成，电极制造和电催化性能。锡的催化性能在很大程度上受到催化剂的结构，形态和组成的影响，而催化剂的结构，形态和组成又极大地取决于合成策略和工艺。在这里，将讨论和分析三种催化剂合成方法：水热法，电沉积法和等离子体处理法。此外，还将讨论使用Sn基催化剂进行CO ₂电解还原的电极制造方法，以优化催化活性，稳定性和产物选择性，从而使CO ₂最大化。电还原性能。最后，分析了几个技术挑战，并提出了未来的研究方向，以促进对锡基催化剂的实际应用的进一步研究和开发。