Understanding the photoexcited charge carrier dynamics such as separation, transportation and extraction in smart hybrid nanocomposites is the key to high performance solar cells. Nanocomposites possess advantage of broader solar absorption with their fast photoexcited charge separation and transportation but their use as photocorrosion-stable material is yet to be explored. Also, bulk and surface defects in individual components of the nanocomposites boost the efficiency of the solar cells, despite of the fact the recombination of the photoexcited charges at the interfaces lead to a substantial loss of charges and realizing a big challenge. Herein, the extrinsic defects like bulk and surface defects are induced by transition metal (M = V, Co, Ni) doping of M − TiO₂ nanorod arrays. Consequently, the hydrothermal synthesis method offers the tuning of the carbon trapping states depending upon the type of the metal doped in M − TiO₂ that decelerates the charge carrier dynamics in the M-TiO₂/CdS (M = V, Co, Ni) nanocomposites with the increase in the amount of carbon. Excellent charge extraction is observed in VTiO₂ (4% carbon) from its CdS sensitizer with photocurrent density of 2.06 mA/cm² than NiTiO₂ (14.6% carbon), TiO₂ (18.94% carbon) and CoTiO₂ (39.2% carbon) with photocurrent densities of 1.83, 1.46 and 1.34 mA/cm² at 0 V versus Ag/AgCl under 100 mW/cm² light intensity, respectively. This shows primary dependence of photoexcited charge dynamics upon the density of the carbon trapping states to be least while secondary dependence upon the density of the extrinsic defects in M − TiO₂ to be maximum. This work creates a paradigm for future studies to have a broader insight of the photocatalyst's overall functioning to boost the efficiencies in solar cells by controlling the amount of electronic carbon traps during the synthesis of a large class of inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts.

了解智能混合纳米复合材料中光激发的载流子动力学（例如分离，运输和提取）是高性能太阳能电池的关键。纳米复合材料因其快速的光激发电荷分离和运输而具有更广泛的太阳能吸收优势，但用作光腐蚀稳定材料的用途尚待探索。而且，尽管事实上在界面处光激发电荷的复合导致电荷的大量损失并实现了巨大的挑战，但是纳米复合物的各个组分中的体积缺陷和表面缺陷提高了太阳能电池的效率。在此，通过掺杂M-TiO _2的过渡金属（M = V，Co，Ni）来诱发诸如体积和表面缺陷之类的外部缺陷。纳米棒阵列。因此，水热合成方法根据掺杂在M-TiO ₂中的金属的类型来提供碳捕集态的调节，这会降低M-TiO ₂ / CdS中的电荷载流子动力学（M = V，Co，Ni）纳米复合材料的碳含量增加。从其CdS敏化剂中观察到V TiO ₂（碳含量为4％）具有优异的电荷提取，其光电流密度为2.06 mA / cm ^2，比Ni TiO ₂（碳含量为14.6％），TiO ₂（碳含量为18.94％）和Co TiO ₂（39.2）高。 ％碳），光电流密度为1.83、1.46和1.34 mA / cm ²分别在0 V和100 mW / cm ^2的光强度下相对于Ag / AgCl 。这表明光激发电荷动力学对碳捕获态密度的主要依赖性最小，而对M-TiO ₂中非本征缺陷密度的次要依赖性最大。这项工作为将来的研究创造了一个范例，使人们能够通过控制大量无机半导体光催化剂的合成过程中控制电子碳阱的数量来更全面地了解光催化剂的整体功能，从而提高太阳能电池的效率。