Abstract Three-dimensional carbon-based foam (3D-CF) possesses many fascinating properties such as giant conductivity, high thermal insulation, outstanding mechanical performance, and excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. However, most 3D-CFs acquired by the previously reported fabrication methods have some limitations, such as uncontrollable morphology, plenty of inherent defects, difficult to realize self-standing after removing sacrificial template, and overlapping joint flaws among graphene layers. Although significant research efforts have been devoted to develop 3D foam, it is still a challenging task to obtain 3D-CF with both high conductivity and outstanding mechanical performance, simultaneously. To address this issue, a novel and easy fabricating approach for 3D ultrathin-graphite carbon foam (3D-UGF) was explored by a morphology-retaining pyrolysis of polyaniline foam precursors. The typical 3D-UGF graphitized at 2800 °C exhibited stronger compressive strength and electrical conductivity under the compressive strain of 90%, and remained constant even after 2000 cycles, which are comparable to the previously reported state-of-the-art 3D-CF foam with the same density. Cycling performance of the lithium-sulfur and lithium-air batteries with the 3D-UGF as binder-free cathode is as high as 1590 mAh g−1 and 920 mAh g−1 after deep discharge/charge 100 cycles, respectively.

中文翻译：

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通过聚苯胺泡沫的形态控制固态热解制备具有高机械弹性和导电性的超薄石墨泡沫

摘要 三维碳基泡沫（3D-CF）具有许多迷人的特性，如巨大的导电性、高隔热性、优异的机械性能以及优异的化学和热稳定性。然而，先前报道的制造方法获得的大多数 3D-CF 都存在一些局限性，例如形貌不可控、固有缺陷多、去除牺牲模板后难以实现自立、石墨烯层之间的接头缺陷重叠等。尽管已经进行了大量的研究工作来开发 3D 泡沫，但同时获得具有高导电性和出色机械性能的 3D-CF 仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。为了解决这个问题，通过聚苯胺泡沫前体的形态保持热解，探索了一种新颖且易于制造的 3D 超薄石墨碳泡沫 (3D-UGF) 方法。在 2800°C 石墨化的典型 3D-UGF 在 90% 的压缩应变下表现出更强的抗压强度和导电性，即使在 2000 次循环后仍保持不变，这与之前报道的最先进的 3D-CF 相当相同密度的泡沫。以 3D-UGF 作为无粘合剂正极的锂硫电池和锂空气电池在深度放电/充电 100 次循环后的循环性能分别高达 1590 mAh g-1 和 920 mAh g-1。并且即使在 2000 次循环后仍保持不变，这与之前报道的具有相同密度的最先进的 3D-CF 泡沫相当。以 3D-UGF 作为无粘合剂正极的锂硫电池和锂空气电池在深度放电/充电 100 次循环后的循环性能分别高达 1590 mAh g-1 和 920 mAh g-1。并且即使在 2000 次循环后仍保持不变，这与之前报道的具有相同密度的最先进的 3D-CF 泡沫相当。以 3D-UGF 作为无粘合剂正极的锂硫电池和锂空气电池在深度放电/充电 100 次循环后的循环性能分别高达 1590 mAh g-1 和 920 mAh g-1。