An undisputed trend in sample preparation at present is to meet the requirements of green chemistry especially in the field of natural products. Green technology continuously pursues new solvents to replace common organic solvents that possess inherent toxicity. Over the past two decades, non-ionic surfactants have gained enormous attention from the scientific community. The micelle-mediated extraction and cloud-point preconcentration (CPE) methods offer a convenient alternative to the conventional extraction systems. Recently, natural deep eutectic solvents (NDESs) have emerged as green and sustainable solvents for efficient extraction of bioactive compounds or drugs. They are generally composed of neutral, acidic or basic compounds that form liquids of high viscosity when mixed in certain molar ratio. The presented work aimed to comprehensively compare and evaluate the potential and effectiveness of NDES as well as non-ionic surfactants (Genapol X-080, Triton X-100 and Triton X-114) for extraction of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Crinum powellii bulbs as representative example of plant material, in comparison to the conventional solvents (methanol, ethanol and water).A new validated high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous quantitation of three alkaloids markers, lycorine, crinine and crinamine, in the bulbs of C. powellii. Extraction efficiency of the targeted alkaloids from the bulb matrix with organic and ecofriendly (green) solvents were studied. Results revealed that NDES and surfactants were significantly more efficient in alkaloid extraction than previous methods requiring the consumption of organic solvents and water. Genapol X-80 demonstrated 138%, 149% and 145%, while choline chloride: fructose (5:2): H₂O (35%) NDES mixture demonstrated 243%, 225% and 238% of the total alkaloidal extraction capacity of ethanol, methanol and water, respectively at 50 °C for extraction time 1 h using ultrasonication for all experiments. Furthermore, Box–Behnken response surface design combined with the overall desirability value were successfully employed to optimize and study the individual and interactive effect of process variables such as extraction temperature, time and surfactant %, for Genapol X-80, and sonication extraction temperature, time and water concentration, for choline chloride: fructose: H₂O NDES mixture, on the alkaloidal yield from C. powellii. It was evident that parameters interacting together can act in synergism if adjusted properly according to the optimized conditions to obtain maximum alkaloids extractability. It is for the first time that the efficiency of micelle-mediated extraction has been compared to that of natural deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of alkaloids and the results thoroughly discussed.

目前，样品制备中无可争议的趋势是满足绿色化学的要求，特别是在天然产品领域。绿色技术不断寻求新的溶剂来代替具有固有毒性的普通有机溶剂。在过去的二十年中，非离子表面活性剂受到了科学界的极大关注。胶束介导的萃取和浊点预浓缩（CPE）方法为常规萃取系统提供了一种方便的替代方法。最近，天然的深共熔溶剂（NDES）出现了，作为绿色和可持续的溶剂，可以有效地提取生物活性化合物或药物。它们通常由中性，酸性或碱性化合物组成，当以一定摩尔比混合时会形成高粘度液体。与常规溶剂（甲醇，乙醇和水）相比，crinum powellii球茎是植物材料的代表性实例。已开发出一种新的经过验证的高效薄层色谱（HPTLC）方法，用于同时定量三种生物碱标记物，鲍威尔鲍鱼的鳞茎中含有lycorine，crinine和crinamine。研究了用有机和生态友好型（绿色）溶剂从鳞茎基质中提取目标生物碱的效率。结果显示，NDES和表面活性剂在生物碱提取中比以前需要消耗有机溶剂和水的方法明显更有效。Genapol X-80表现出138％，149％和145％，而氯化胆碱：果糖（5：2）：H ₂在所有实验中，使用超声处理，在50°C下提取时间为1 h时，O（35％）NDES混合物分别显示出乙醇，甲醇和水的总生物碱提取能力的243％，225％和238％。此外，Box-Behnken响应面设计与总体期望值相结合成功地用于优化和研究工艺变量（如Genapol X-80的萃取温度，时间和表面活性剂％）和超声萃取温度的个体和交互作用，时间和水的浓度（氯化胆碱：果糖：H ₂ O NDES混合物）对鲍氏梭菌生物碱产量的影响。显然，如果根据优化条件进行适当调整以获得最大的生物碱可提取性，则相互作用在一起的参数可以协同作用。首次将胶束介导的提取效率与天然深共晶溶剂提取生物碱的效率进行了比较，并对结果进行了全面讨论。