Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) require both high efficiency and good long-term stability if they are to be commercialized. It is crucial to finely optimize the energy level matching between the perovskites and hole-transporting materials to achieve better performance. Here, we synthesize a fluorene-terminated hole-transporting material with a fine-tuned energy level and a high glass transition temperature to ensure highly efficient and thermally stable PSCs. We use this material to fabricate photovoltaic devices with 23.2% efficiency (under reverse scanning) with a steady-state efficiency of 22.85% for small-area (~0.094 cm²) cells and 21.7% efficiency (under reverse scanning) for large-area (~1 cm²) cells. We also achieve certified efficiencies of 22.6% (small-area cells, ~0.094 cm²) and 20.9% (large-area, ~1 cm²). The resultant device shows better thermal stability than the device with spiro-OMeTAD, maintaining almost 95% of its initial performance for more than 500 h after thermal annealing at 60 °C.

钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）要实现商业化，就需要高效率和良好的长期稳定性。精确优化钙钛矿和空穴传输材料之间的能级匹配以实现更好的性能至关重要。在这里，我们合成了具有精细调节的能级和高玻璃化转变温度的芴封端的空穴传输材料，以确保高效且热稳定的PSC。我们使用这种材料来制造效率为23.2％（在反向扫描下）的光电器件，其中小面积（〜0.094 cm ²）电池的稳态效率为22.85％，大面积的稳态效率（在反向扫描下）为21.7％。 （〜1 cm ²）细胞。我们还实现了22.6％的认证效率（小面积电池，约0.094厘米²）和20.9％（大面积，〜1 cm ²）。所得器件显示出比带有spiro-OMeTAD的器件更好的热稳定性，在60°C的温度下退火后500个小时以上，几乎可以保持其初始性能的95％。