Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, as one of the most important candidates of next‐generation batteries, are famous for high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendly benignity. However, issues originating from polysulfide shuttle of common liquid electrolytes (e.g., capacity fade, poor cycle life, and safe issue) have hindered the applications of Li–S batteries in various occasions. This review summarizes the main efforts in the electrolytes of Li–S batteries, including liquid, solid state, and hybrid electrolyte systems. The development of functional electrolytes for Li–S batteries is hopeful to alleviate the problems Li–S batteries faced today. The liquid electrolytes circumvent the polysulfide shuttle and the resultant problems by utilizing different functional solvents, lithium salts, and additives. Solid‐state electrolytes as promising electrolytes are optimized to enhance the ionic conductivity at room temperature and decrease the interfacial resistance. Hybrid electrolytes that consist of two or more single electrolytes may be considered as unique categories because they have the potential advantages than the single electrolyte systems. Challenges and perspectives of Li–S electrolytes are also proposed based on the requirement for high‐performance Li–S batteries.

中文翻译：

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高性能锂硫电池功能电解质的发展与挑战

锂硫（Li–S）电池是下一代电池的最重要的候选之一，以高能量密度，低成本和环境友好性着称。但是，源自普通液体电解质的多硫化物穿梭的问题（例如容量衰减，循环寿命差和安全问题）阻碍了Li-S电池在各种场合下的应用。这篇综述总结了Li–S电池电解质的主要工作，包括液体，固态和混合电解质系统。用于Li-S电池的功能性电解质的开发有望减轻Li-S电池当今所面临的问题。液体电解质通过使用不同的功能溶剂，锂盐和添加剂来规避多硫化物梭和由此产生的问题。固态电解质作为有前途的电解质经过优化，可增强室温下的离子电导率并降低界面电阻。由两种或更多种单一电解质组成的混合电解质可以被视为独特的类别，因为它们比单一电解质系统具有潜在的优势。根据高性能Li-S电池的要求，还提出了Li-S电解质的挑战和前景。