Recent developments of a novel class of catalytic materials built on hollow nanocrystals having ultrathin, porous walls, and well‐controlled surface structures are discussed, with a focus on platinum and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). An introduction is given to the critical role of platinum in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and the pressing need to develop a strategy for achieving cost‐effective and sustainable use of this precious metal. How to maximize the mass activity of ORR catalysts based on platinum by rationally engineering the surface structure while increasing the utilization efficiency of atoms is then discussed. After reporting on the synthetic methods involving galvanic replacement and seed‐mediated growth followed by etching, respectively, a number of examples to demonstrate the enhancement in activity and durability for this new class of catalytic materials are showcased. The feasibility to have the methodology extended from platinum to other precious metals such as gold and ruthenium is highlighted. In conclusion, some of the remaining issues and emerging solutions are examined.

中文翻译：

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具有超薄，多孔壁和可控表面结构的中空金属纳米晶体

讨论了在具有超薄，多孔壁和良好控制的表面结构的中空纳米晶体上构建的新型催化材料的最新进展，重点是铂和氧还原反应（ORR）。介绍了铂在质子交换膜燃料电池中的关键作用，以及迫切需要制定一种战略，以实现具有成本效益且可持续地使用这种贵金属。然后讨论了如何通过合理设计表面结构同时增加原子的利用效率来最大化基于铂的ORR催化剂的质量活性。在报告了涉及电流置换和种子介导的生长并分别进行蚀刻的合成方法后，展示了许多实例来证明这种新型催化材料在活性和耐用性方面的增强。强调了将方法学从铂扩展到其他贵金属（如金和钌）的可行性。总而言之，我们研究了一些剩余的问题和新兴的解决方案。