AbstractNanoporous gold (NPG) structures were prepared on the surface of a gold microelectrode (Au-μE) by an anodization-reduction method. Cyclic voltammetry and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to study the electrochemical properties and the morphology of the nanostructured film. Voltammetry showed an improved sensitivity for dopamine (DA) oxidation at this microelectrode when compared to a bare gold microelectrode, with a peak near 0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at a scan rate of 0.1 V s−1. This is due to the increased surface area and roughness. Square wave voltammetry shows a response that is linear in the 0.1–10 μmol L−1 DA concentration range, with a 30 nmol L-1 detection limit and a sensitivity of 1.18 mA (μmol L−1)−1 cm−2. The sensor is not interfered by ascorbic acid. The reproducibility, repeatability, long-term stability and real sample analysis (spiked urine) were assessed, and acceptable performance was achieved. The “proof-of-concept” detection of dopamine release was demonstrated by using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) with the aim of future applications for single cell analysis. Graphical abstractA reproducible electrochemical approach was proposed to fabricate an NPG-microelectrode for DA detection, with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. Besides, a proof-of-concept detection of DA release was also demonstrated by using SECM.

中文翻译：

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使用纳米多孔金微电极的电化学多巴胺传感器：通过扫描电化学显微镜检测多巴胺释放的概念验证研究

摘要 采用阳极氧化还原法在金微电极（Au-μE）表面制备纳米多孔金（NPG）结构。循环伏安法和场发射扫描电子显微镜用于研究纳米结构薄膜的电化学性质和形貌。与裸金微电极相比，伏安法显示该微电极对多巴胺 (DA) 氧化的灵敏度提高，在 0.1 V s-1 的扫描速率下，峰值接近 0.2 V（相对于 Ag/AgCl）。这是由于增加的表面积和粗糙度。方波伏安法显示响应在 0.1–10 μmol L-1 DA 浓度范围内呈线性，检测限为 30 nmol L-1，灵敏度为 1.18 mA (μmol L-1)-1 cm-2。传感器不受抗坏血酸的干扰。再现性、重复性、评估了长期稳定性和真实样品分析（加标尿液），并获得了可接受的性能。通过使用扫描电化学显微镜 (SECM) 证明了多巴胺释放的“概念验证”检测，其目的是未来单细胞分析的应用。图形摘要提出了一种可重复的电化学方法来制造用于 DA 检测的 NPG 微电极，具有增强的灵敏度和选择性。此外，还通过使用 SECM 证明了 DA 释放的概念验证检测。图形摘要提出了一种可重复的电化学方法来制造用于 DA 检测的 NPG 微电极，具有增强的灵敏度和选择性。此外，还通过使用 SECM 证明了 DA 释放的概念验证检测。图形摘要提出了一种可重复的电化学方法来制造用于 DA 检测的 NPG 微电极，具有增强的灵敏度和选择性。此外，还通过使用 SECM 证明了 DA 释放的概念验证检测。