Abstract A Glutathione (GSH) optical sensor with high sensitivity and exceptional selectivity was developed using one-step synthesized-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs, NaLuF4:Gd3+,Yb3+,Er3+) in conjunction with a Rhodamine B derivative (RBD). RBD was loaded on the surface of the UCNPs though non-covalent bonding to serve as an energy acceptor, while UCNPs served as energy donors. The sensor based on a coupling fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) process at an excitation of 980 nm wavelength from UCNP to RBD with a ring-opening process of RBD after the addition of GSH. The sensing probe exhibits a remarkable limit of detection (LOD = 50 nM) for GSH through the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of RBD at 592 nm, together with a concomitant reduction in the green band of the UCNPs. In addition, the sensing mechanism, characterization of UCNPs, and the selectivity of the fluorescence sensor toward GSH were discussed. The proposed sensor was evaluated on real human serum and urine samples and demonstrated as a highly selective and sensitive probe for the detection of GSH.

中文翻译：

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基于涂有罗丹明 B 衍生物的上转换纳米粒子的荧光共振能量转移的谷胱甘肽的高选择性和灵敏光传感

摘要 使用一步合成的上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs、NaLuF4:Gd3+、Yb3+、Er3+）与罗丹明 B 衍生物（RBD）结合，开发了一种具有高灵敏度和出色选择性的谷胱甘肽（GSH）光学传感器。RBD通过非共价键负载在UCNPs表面作为能量受体，而UCNPs作为能量供体。该传感器基于耦合荧光共振能量转移 (FRET) 过程，在 980 nm 波长的激发下从 UCNP 到 RBD，并在添加 GSH 后进行 RBD 的开环过程。通过增强 RBD 在 592 nm 处的荧光强度，同时降低 UCNP 的绿带，传感探针对 GSH 表现出显着的检测极限（LOD = 50 nM）。此外，传感机制，UCNPs 的表征，以及荧光传感器对 GSH 的选择性进行了讨论。所提出的传感器在真实的人血清和尿液样本上进行了评估，并被证明是一种用于检测 GSH 的高选择性和灵敏探针。