Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs accumulation of photosensitizers (PSs) in malignant tumor tissue followed by the light-induced generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species to kill the tumor cells. The success of PDT depends on optimal PS dosage that is matched with the ideal power of light. This in turn depends on PS accumulation in target tissue and light administration time and period. As theranostic nanomedicine is driven by multifunctional therapeutics that aim to achieve targeted tissue delivery and image-guided therapy, fluorescent PS nanoparticle (NP) accumulation in target tissues can be ascertained through fluorescence imaging to optimize the light dose and administration parameters. In this regard, zebrafish larvae provide a unique transparent in vivo platform to monitor fluorescent PS bio-distribution and their therapeutic efficiency. Using fluorescent PS NPs with unique aggregation-induced emission characteristics, we demonstrate for the first time the real-time visualization of polymeric NP accumulation in tumor tissue and, more importantly, the best time to conduct PDT using transgenic zebrafish larvae with inducible liver hyperplasia as an example.

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光动力疗法（PDT）在恶性肿瘤组织中使用光敏剂（PSs）积累，然后通过光诱导产生细胞毒性活性氧来杀死肿瘤细胞。PDT的成功取决于最佳PS剂量和理想的光功率。这又取决于目标组织中的PS积累以及光给药的时间和周期。由于治疗性纳米药物是由旨在实现靶向组织递送和图像引导疗法的多功能疗法驱动的，因此可以通过荧光成像确定目标组织中的荧光PS纳米颗粒（NP）积累，以优化光剂量和给药参数。在这方面，斑马鱼幼虫提供了一个独特的透明体内平台，可监测荧光PS的生物分布及其治疗效率。使用具有独特聚集诱导发射特性的荧光PS NP，我们首次展示了肿瘤组织中聚合NP积累的实时可视化，更重要的是，使用转基因斑马鱼幼虫和可诱导的肝增生作为进行PDT的最佳时间一个例子。

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