Abstract Omniphobic alumina hollow fiber membranes were developed for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with a low surface tension feed in this study. Alumina hollow fiber (HF) membranes were prepared as the membrane substrates, and chemical bath deposition methods were applied to deposit ZnO nanorods and nanoparticles on the HF membranes. The SEM, EDX, and AFM analyses showed that the ZnO nanostructures were effectively deposited on the membrane surfaces and able to increase the surface roughness. After surface fluorination by FAS17, the HF membranes deposited by ZnO nanorods and nanoparticles demonstrated contact angles of 128.7° and 138.1° for a 90% v/v ethanol/water mixture, both of which were higher than 114.8° for the pristine HF membrane without ZnO nanostructures. In the DCMD experiments with the sequential addition of SDS from 0.2 to 2.0 mM, the HF membranes with ZnO nanostructures exhibited superior wetting resistances with low surface tension feeds compared to that of the pristine HF membranes. Moreover, the HF membranes with the deposited ZnO nanoparticles had the best wetting resistance, and the permeate water flux was maintained for 24 h using a 2.0 mM SDS (70 °C 1 M NaCl) solution as an initial feed. The results not only suggested that the deposition of nanostructures enhanced the wetting resistance of the alumina hollow fiber membranes to low surface tension liquids but also showed the promise of utilizing these membranes for the desalination of low surface tension wastewaters.

中文翻译：

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氧化铝中空纤维膜上的纳米结构沉积以提高膜蒸馏过程中的抗润湿性

摘要 在本研究中，开发了用于低表面张力进料的直接接触膜蒸馏 (DCMD) 的全疏性氧化铝中空纤维膜。制备氧化铝中空纤维 (HF) 膜作为膜基材，并应用化学​​浴沉积方法在 HF 膜上沉积 ZnO 纳米棒和纳米颗粒。SEM、EDX 和 AFM 分析表明，ZnO 纳米结构有效地沉积在膜表面并能够增加表面粗糙度。通过 FAS17 进行表面氟化后，由 ZnO 纳米棒和纳米粒子沉积的 HF 膜在 90% v/v 乙醇/水混合物中的接触角分别为 128.7° 和 138.1°，这两者均高于无添加的原始 HF 膜的 114.8°氧化锌纳米结构。在DCMD实验中，从0开始依次添加SDS。2 至 2.0 mM，与原始 HF 膜相比，具有 ZnO 纳米结构的 HF 膜在低表面张力进料下表现出优异的润湿阻力。此外，具有沉积的 ZnO 纳米颗粒的 HF 膜具有最佳的耐湿性，并且使用 2.0 mM SDS (70 °C 1 M NaCl) 溶液作为初始进料将渗透水通量保持 24 小时。结果不仅表明纳米结构的沉积增强了氧化铝中空纤维膜对低表面张力液体的润湿性，而且显示了利用这些膜对低表面张力废水进行脱盐的前景。带有沉积的 ZnO 纳米颗粒的 HF 膜具有最佳的耐湿性，并且使用 2.0 mM SDS (70 °C 1 M NaCl) 溶液作为初始进料将渗透水通量保持 24 小时。结果不仅表明纳米结构的沉积增强了氧化铝中空纤维膜对低表面张力液体的润湿性，而且显示了利用这些膜对低表面张力废水进行脱盐的前景。带有沉积的 ZnO 纳米颗粒的 HF 膜具有最佳的耐湿性，并且使用 2.0 mM SDS (70 °C 1 M NaCl) 溶液作为初始进料将渗透水通量保持 24 小时。结果不仅表明纳米结构的沉积增强了氧化铝中空纤维膜对低表面张力液体的润湿性，而且显示了利用这些膜对低表面张力废水进行脱盐的前景。