Microrheology is an emerging technique that probes mechanical response of soft material at micro-scale. Generally, microrheology technique can be divided into active and passive versions. During last two decades, extensive efforts have been paid to improve both the experiment techniques and data analysis methods, especially about how to link consequential particle positions into trajectories. We review the recent advances in microrheology, including improvements in labeling, imaging, data acquiring, data processing and data interpretation. Some of the recent insights in soft matter and living systems gained by using this technique are given. Before these, we also give a very brief description of the basic principles of both active and passive microrheology techniques, and some details about optical particle tracking and DWS.

微流变学是一种新兴技术，可在微观尺度上探测软材料的机械响应。通常，微流变技术可以分为主动和被动两种。在过去的二十年中，人们为改进实验技术和数据分析方法付出了巨大的努力，尤其是在如何将相应的粒子位置链接到轨迹方面。我们回顾了微流变学的最新进展，包括标签，成像，数据获取，数据处理和数据解释方面的改进。给出了使用该技术获得的有关软物质和生命系统的最新见解。在此之前，我们还简要介绍了主动和被动微流变技术的基本原理，以及有关光学粒子跟踪和DWS的一些详细信息。