Graphene has been shown to induce toxicity in mammals and marine crustaceans; however, information regarding oxidative stress in fish is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of graphene toxicity in different tissues of Danio rerio, considering different parameters of stress. Animals were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 10 μL of suspensions containing different graphene concentrations (5 and 50 mg/L); the gills, intestine, muscle and brain were analysed 48 h later. There was no significant difference in the expression of the gclc (glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit) and nrf2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) genes after exposure. In contrast, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were modulated and the glutathione (GSH) concentration was reduced in different tissues and at different concentrations. Lipid damage was observed in the gills. Histological analyses were performed to observe if the exposure could induce pathological damage in these tissues. The results showed pathological effects in all tissues, excluding the intestine, after exposure to both concentrations. Overall, these results indicate that graphene induces different grades of toxicological effects that are dependent on the analysed organ, with distinct pathological effects on some and oxidative effects on others. However, the brain and gills seem to be the primary target organs for graphene toxicity.

石墨烯已被证明可在哺乳动物和海洋甲壳类动物中诱发毒性。但是，关于鱼体内氧化应激的信息很少。这项研究的目的是在考虑到不同的压力参数的情况下，评估斑马鱼不同组织中石墨烯毒性的机理。给动物腹膜内（ip）注射10μL含有不同石墨烯浓度（5和50 mg / L）的悬浮液；48小时后分析the，肠，肌肉和大脑。gclc（谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基）和nrf2的表达无明显差异暴露后的（核因子（类胡萝卜素衍生的2）样2）基因。相比之下，谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶（GCL）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）活性得到调节，谷胱甘肽（GSH）的浓度在不同的组织中和在不同的浓度下降低。在the中观察到脂质损伤。进行组织学分析以观察暴露是否可以在这些组织中引起病理损伤。结果表明，暴露于这两种浓度后，除肠外的所有组织均具有病理学作用。总体而言，这些结果表明，石墨烯可诱导不同程度的毒理学效应，这些毒理学效应取决于所分析的器官，对某些器官具有明显的病理影响，而对另一些器官具有氧化作用。但是，大脑和g似乎是石墨烯毒性的主要靶器官。