Abstract The zeolites, a class of materials with uniform porosity, high crystallinity, structural diversity, and large surface area, have been extensively studied in both synthesis and applications in catalysis, separation, and adsorption. In the zeolite crystals, the uniform nanopores benefit molecular diffusion, but the absence of catalytically active metal species (e.g. isolated metal site, nanocluster, and nanoparticle) strongly limits their wide applications. Solution to this problem is to fix the active sites inside of the nanoporous crystals. In this review, it is briefly summarized recent developments on metal-based active species fixed in zeolite crystals, including the synthesis strategies, catalytic performances, and mechanism investigations. It is emphasized that the nanoparticles of metals and metal oxides fixed inside of zeolite crystals effectively combine the advantages of high activity of the nanoparticles and the selectivity/stability of the zeolite, resulting in enhanced catalytic performances in a series of reactions. Particularly, the metal nanoparticles are effectively stabilized by the zeolite sheath, giving superior sinter resistance at harsh reaction conditions.

中文翻译：

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固定在沸石晶体中的金属纳米粒子作为高效多相催化剂的合理构建

摘要 沸石是一类孔隙率均匀、结晶度高、结构多样、比表面积大的材料，在合成和催化、分离和吸附等方面的应用方面得到了广泛的研究。在沸石晶体中，均匀的纳米孔有利于分子扩散，但缺乏催化活性金属物质（例如孤立的金属位点、纳米团簇和纳米颗粒）极大地限制了它们的广泛应用。这个问题的解决方案是固定纳米多孔晶体内部的活性位点。在这篇综述中，简要总结了固定在沸石晶体中的金属基活性物种的最新进展，包括合成策略、催化性能和机理研究。需要强调的是，固定在沸石晶体内部的金属和金属氧化物纳米粒子有效地结合了纳米粒子的高活性和沸石的选择性/稳定性的优点，从而在一系列反应中提高了催化性能。特别是，金属纳米粒子被沸石外壳有效地稳定，在苛刻的反应条件下提供优异的抗烧结性。