Abstract The geometrical and electronic properties of the active sites on the surface of metal nanoparticles and their structure evolution and dynamic behavior during catalysis, consitute the core issue of heterogeneous catalysis. Metal nanoparticles are characterized by the highly reduced size, in a typical range of 1–10 nm, and the significantly enhanced catalytic performance; but they are subject to structural and chemical changes under the reaction conditions, primarily induced by the reactive gases at elevated temperatures. In situ characterization techniques, like environmental transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, allow to directly visualize the structural variations at nano and atomic scales and simultaneously probe the chemical variations of the metal nanoparticles at functionalities. This review article summarizes the most recent advances on the structure evolution and dynamic behavior of metal nanoparticles, including late transition metals and IB metals, during their activation and reaction processing. Analyses on the correlation between the dynamic nanostructures observed under or close to reaction conditions and the catalytic performance shed profound insights into the fundamental understanding of the structure-reactivity relationship of metal nanoparticles.

中文翻译：

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金属纳米粒子的催化动力学行为

摘要 金属纳米粒子表面活性位点的几何和电子性质及其在催化过程中的结构演变和动力学行为，构成了多相催化的核心问题。金属纳米粒子的特点是尺寸大大减小，典型范围为 1-10 nm，催化性能显着增强；但它们在反应条件下会发生结构和化学变化，主要由高温下的反应气体引起。原位表征技术，如环境透射电子显微镜和 X 射线吸收光谱，允许直接可视化纳米和原子尺度的结构变化，同时探测金属纳米粒子在功能上的化学变化。这篇综述文章总结了金属纳米粒子（包括晚过渡金属和 IB 金属）在活化和反应过程中的结构演变和动态行为的最新进展。对在反应条件下或接近反应条件下观察到的动态纳米结构与催化性能之间的相关性进行分析，深入了解了金属纳米颗粒结构-反应性关系的基本理解。