Hydrogen/deuterium mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) has within the last 25 years evolved to become a well-established technique for analysing the solution-phase conformational dynamics and molecular interactions of proteins, attributes that can be difficult to access by other methods for structural analysis. This reviews present the latest development within HDX-MS with a special focus on how improvements in instrumentation, methodology and data analysis have expanded the capability of HDX-MS to analyse complex and hitherto elusive protein states. Such protein states include large or multi-protein complexes, lipid-associated or integral membrane proteins, proteins with highly dynamic regions, disulfide-bonded proteins, heavily glycosylated proteins and proteins in formulations.

氢/氘质谱（HDX-MS）在过去25年中发展成为一种成熟的技术，用于分析蛋白质的溶液相构象动力学和分子相互作用，这些属性可能是其他方法难以获得的结构分析。这篇评论介绍了HDX-MS的最新发展，特别关注仪器，方法和数据分析方面的改进如何扩展了HDX-MS分析复杂和迄今难以捉摸的蛋白质状态的能力。这样的蛋白质状态包括大的或多蛋白质的复合物，脂质相关的或完整的膜蛋白质，具有高动态区域的蛋白质，二硫键结合的蛋白质，严重糖基化的蛋白质和制剂中的蛋白质。