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Single-Phase, Antibacterial Trimagnesium Phosphate Hydrate Coatings on Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Implants by Rapid Microwave Irradiation Technique
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-05 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00594
Prabaha Sikder 1 , Corey R. Grice 2 , Boren Lin 3 , Vijay K. Goel 3 , Sarit B. Bhaduri 1
Affiliation  

This Article reports the fabrication and evaluation of single-phase, silver-doped trimagnesium phosphate hydrate (Ag-TMPH) nanosheet coatings on polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a well-known material used to fabricate orthopedic and spinal implants. While PEEK has better biomechanical compatibility with bone compared to metallic implants, it is also quite inert. Therefore, it is a common practice to coat PEEK implants with conventional calcium phosphates (CaPs) to enhance cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. As opposed to well-studied CaP compounds, relatively less-explored magnesium phosphates (MgPs) are also becoming interesting orthopedic biomaterials and is the prime focus in this research. The novel aspects of this paper are as follows. First, we report developing TMPH coatings within minutes with the help of microwave irradiation technology. Microwave irradiation plays an important role in the coating formation with accelerated kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the fabrication of approximately 650 nm thick TMPH coatings. The coatings resulted in submicron level surface roughness and in vitro cell studies confirmed enhanced MC3T3 cell adhesion within 4 h on such surfaces. The coatings also resulted in significant apatite formation after immersing in simulated body fluid for 7 days. Second, multifunctionality was achieved by doping TMPH coatings with Ag, thus rendering the coatings antibacterial. The antibacterial properties were evaluated against two most common infection-causing bacterial strains—Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicated good bacterial resistance and bactericidal properties of the Ag-TMPH coatings. Third, in spite of Ag doping, the single-phase nature of the coatings were retained (without forming composite systems) with the help of the low-processing temperature of the microwave irradiation. The inductive coupled plasma technique confirmed that the doped single-phase TMPH coatings supported a uniform and controlled release of Ag+ ions over a period of 3 weeks. MTT assay evaluations and SEM micrographs confirmed no signs of cytotoxicity and healthy proliferation of cells in all cases. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated a significant rise in collagen (Col1) and osteocalcin (OCN) gene expression levels in the case of TMPH coated PEEK. Thus, microwave irradiation was successfully employed in forming multifunctional, that is, bioactive, cytocompatible, and antibacterial MgP coatings on PEEK.

中文翻译:

快速微波辐射技术在聚醚醚酮(PEEK)植入物上的单相抗菌三水合磷酸镁水合物涂层

本文报道了聚醚醚酮(PEEK)(一种用于制造整形外科和脊柱植入物的众所周知的材料)上单相,掺杂银的磷酸三镁水合物(Ag-TMPH)纳米片涂层的制备和评估。尽管PEEK与金属植入物相比具有更好的与骨骼的生物力学相容性,但它也非常惰性。因此,通常的做法是在PEEK植入物上覆盖传统的磷酸钙(CaP),以增强细胞附着,增殖和分化。与经过充分研究的CaP化合物相反,相对较少探索的磷酸镁(MgPs)也正成为有趣的骨科生物材料,并且是本研究的主要重点。本文的新颖方面如下。第一的,我们报告说借助微波辐照技术可在数分钟内开发出TMPH涂料。微波辐照在动力学加速的涂层形成中起着重要作用。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)证实了大约650 nm厚的TMPH涂层的制造。该涂层导致亚微米级的表面粗糙度,并且体外细胞研究证实了此类表面上4小时之内MC3T3细胞的粘附性增强。将涂层浸入模拟体液中7天后,涂层还导致明显的磷灰石形成。第二,通过用银掺杂TMPH涂层来实现多功能性,从而使涂层具有抗菌性。针对两种最常见的引起感染的细菌菌株(革兰氏阴性)评估了抗菌性能 微波辐照在动力学加速的涂层形成中起着重要作用。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)证实了大约650 nm厚的TMPH涂层的制造。该涂层导致亚微米级的表面粗糙度,并且体外细胞研究证实了此类表面上4小时之内MC3T3细胞的粘附性增强。将涂层浸入模拟体液中7天后,涂层还导致明显的磷灰石形成。第二,通过用银掺杂TMPH涂层来实现多功能性,从而使涂层具有抗菌性。针对两种最常见的引起感染的细菌菌株(革兰氏阴性)评估了抗菌性能 微波辐照在动力学加速的涂层形成中起着重要作用。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)证实了大约650 nm厚的TMPH涂层的制造。该涂层导致亚微米级的表面粗糙度,并且体外细胞研究证实了此类表面上4小时之内MC3T3细胞的粘附性增强。将涂层浸入模拟体液中7天后,涂层还导致明显的磷灰石形成。第二,通过用银掺杂TMPH涂层来实现多功能性,从而使涂层具有抗菌性。针对两种最常见的引起感染的细菌菌株(革兰氏阴性)评估了抗菌性能 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)证实了大约650 nm厚的TMPH涂层的制造。该涂层导致亚微米级的表面粗糙度,并且体外细胞研究证实了此类表面上4小时之内MC3T3细胞的粘附性增强。将涂层浸入模拟体液中7天后,涂层还导致明显的磷灰石形成。第二,通过用银掺杂TMPH涂层来实现多功能性,从而使涂层具有抗菌性。针对两种最常见的引起感染的细菌菌株(革兰氏阴性)评估了抗菌性能 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)证实了大约650 nm厚的TMPH涂层的制造。该涂层导致亚微米级的表面粗糙度,并且体外细胞研究证实了此类表面上4小时之内MC3T3细胞的粘附性增强。将涂层浸入模拟体液中7天后,涂层还导致明显的磷灰石形成。第二,通过用银掺杂TMPH涂层来实现多功能性,从而使涂层具有抗菌性。针对两种最常见的引起感染的细菌菌株(革兰氏阴性)评估了抗菌性能 将涂层浸入模拟体液中7天后,涂层还导致明显的磷灰石形成。第二,通过用银掺杂TMPH涂层来实现多功能性,从而使涂层具有抗菌性。针对两种最常见的引起感染的细菌菌株(革兰氏阴性)评估了抗菌性能 将涂层浸入模拟体液中7天后,涂层还导致明显的磷灰石形成。第二,通过用银掺杂TMPH涂层来实现多功能性,从而使涂层具有抗菌性。针对两种最常见的引起感染的细菌菌株(革兰氏阴性)评估了抗菌性能大肠杆菌和革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌。结果表明,Ag-TMPH涂层具有良好的抗细菌性和杀菌性能。第三,尽管进行了Ag掺杂,借助于微波辐射的低处理温度仍保持了涂层的单相性质(没有形成复合体系)。电感耦合等离子体技术证实,掺杂的单相TMPH涂层支持均匀且受控地释放Ag +离子,持续3周。在所有情况下,MTT分析评估和SEM显微照片均未显示细胞毒性和健康增殖的迹象。实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)表明,在涂有TMPH的PEEK的情况下,胶原蛋白(Col1)和骨钙蛋白(OCN)基因表达水平显着升高。因此,微波辐射已成功地用于在PEEK上形成多功能的,即具有生物活性,细胞相容性和抗菌性的MgP涂层。
更新日期:2018-07-05
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