To support our increasing energy demand, steel pipelines are deployed in transporting oil and natural gas resources for long distances. However, numerous steel structures experience catastrophic failures due to the evolution of hydrogen from their service environments initiated by corrosion reactions and/or cathodic protection. This process results in deleterious effect on the mechanical strength of these ferrous steel structures and their principal components. The major sources of hydrogen in offshore/subsea pipeline installations are moisture as well as molecular water reduction resulting from cathodic protection. Hydrogen induced cracking comes into effect as a synergy of hydrogen concentration and stress level on susceptible steel materials, leading to severe hydrogen embrittlement (HE) scenarios. This usually manifests in the form of induced-crack episodes, e.g., hydrogen induced cracking (HIC), stress-oriented hydrogen induced cracking (SOHIC) and sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC). In this work, we have outlined sources of hydrogen attack as well as their induced failure mechanisms. Several past and recent studies supporting them have also been highlighted in line with understanding of the effect of hydrogen on pipeline steel failure. Different experimental techniques such as Devanathan–Stachurski method, thermal desorption spectrometry, hydrogen microprint technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical noise have proven to be useful in investigating hydrogen damage in pipeline steels. This has also necessitated our coverage of relatively comprehensive assessments of the effect of hydrogen on contemporary high-strength pipeline steel processed by thermomechanical controlled rolling. The effect of HE on cleavage planes and/or grain boundaries has prompted in depth crystallographic texture analysis within this work as a very important parameter influencing the corrosion behavior of pipeline steels. More information regarding microstructure and grain boundary interaction effects have been presented as well as the mechanisms of crack interaction with microstructure. Since hydrogen degradation is accompanied by other corrosion-related causes, this review also addresses key corrosion causes affecting offshore pipeline structures fabricated from steel. We have enlisted and extensively discussed several recent corrosion mitigation trials and performance tests in various media at different thermal and pressure conditions.

为了满足不断增长的能源需求，钢管被用于长距离运输石油和天然气资源。然而，由于腐蚀反应和/或阴极保护引发的氢从其使用环境中释放出来，许多钢结构都遭受了灾难性的破坏。该过程对这些黑色钢结构及其主要成分的机械强度产生有害影响。海上/海底管道安装中的主要氢气来源是水分以及由于阴极保护而产生的分子水减少量。氢诱发的裂纹作为氢浓度和应力水平在易受影响的钢材上的协同作用而生效，从而导致严重的氢脆（HE）情况。这通常以诱发裂纹事件的形式表现出来，例如，氢致裂纹（HIC），应力导向的氢致裂纹（SOHIC）和硫化物应力腐蚀裂纹（SSCC）。在这项工作中，我们概述了氢攻击的来源及其诱发的故障机制。根据对氢气对管道钢故障的影响的理解，也强调了支持它们的过去和最近的一些研究。不同的实验技术，例如 根据对氢气对管道钢故障的影响的理解，也强调了支持它们的过去和最近的一些研究。不同的实验技术，例如 根据对氢气对管道钢故障的影响的理解，也强调了支持它们的过去和最近的一些研究。不同的实验技术，例如Devanathan–Stachurski方法，热脱附光谱法，氢微打印技术，电化学阻抗谱和电化学噪声已被证明可用于研究管线钢中的氢损伤。这也需要我们对氢对通过热机械控制轧制加工的当代高强度管线钢的影响进行相对全面的评估。HE对劈裂面和/或晶界的影响促使这项工作深入进行了晶体学纹理分析，这是影响管线钢腐蚀行为的非常重要的参数。提出了有关微观结构和晶界相互作用效应的更多信息，以及裂纹与微观结构相互作用的机理。由于氢的降解还伴随着其他与腐蚀相关的原因，因此本综述还探讨了影响由钢制成的海上管道结构的关键腐蚀原因。我们已经征集并广泛讨论了几种最新的缓解腐蚀试验和在不同热和压力条件下在各种介质中进行的性能测试。