This article describes a cell architecture that achieves enhanced light harvesting with less dye quantity while simultaneously improving the performance of the polysiloxane-based solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We report the synthesis of bimodal mesoporous anatase TiO₂ films by a dual templating approach, combining a block-copolymer template (Pluronic P123) and polystyrene nanospheres (PS) as soft and hard templates, respectively. The AFM and TEM analysis of TiO₂ films revealed a mixture of mesoporous and macroporous morphology in which dual porosity is generated by combustion of soft and hard templates. The size of the macropores was varied by employing PS beads with different diameters (62, 130 and 250 nm). The influence of the macropore size on the dye loading and pore infiltration is the main purpose of this article. The bimodal porosity leads to increased light scattering due to enhanced optical path length, and better pore infiltration of the polysiloxane electrolyte is achieved. The amount of dye uptake by the dual films is lower than that of soft films because the large pore size reduces the total surface area. The optimum bimodal structure was obtained when combining P123 surfactant and the 130 nm PS beads leading to the lowest charge transfer resistance and a high efficiency for DSSCs is reported with both liquid and polymer electrolytes. Even if the dye uptake was lower, the photovoltaic performance has been maintained and improved in some devices. The open circuit voltage and fill factor were improved, owing to a successful joining of different effects i.e. increased light harvesting, facile electrolyte penetration and reduced charge recombination.

本文介绍了一种电池架构，该架构可实现使用较少的染料量实现增强的光收集，同时提高基于聚硅氧烷的固态染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）的性能。我们报告了通过双模板方法的双峰介孔锐钛矿型TiO ₂薄膜的合成，分别结合了嵌段共聚物模板（Pluronic P123）和聚苯乙烯纳米球（PS）作为软模板和硬模板。TiO ₂的AFM和TEM分析薄膜揭示了中孔和大孔形态的混合物，其中通过软模板和硬模板的燃烧产生双重孔隙。通过使用具有不同直径（62、130和250 nm）的PS珠来改变大孔的大小。大孔尺寸对染料载量和孔隙渗透的影响是本文的主要目的。双峰孔隙度由于增加的光程长度而导致增加的光散射，并且实现了聚硅氧烷电解质的更好的孔渗透。由于大孔径减小了总表面积，因此双膜吸收的染料量少于软膜。当将P123表面活性剂和130 nm PS珠粒结合使用时，可获得最佳的双峰结构，从而导致最低的电荷转移阻力，并且据报道液体和聚合物电解质对DSSC的效率都很高。即使染料吸收率较低，在某些设备中仍保持并改善了光伏性能。由于成功地加入了不同的效果，即增加了光收集，方便的电解质渗透和减少了电荷重组，因此开路电压和填充因子得到了改善。