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Cheese yield, cheesemaking efficiency, and daily production of 6 breeds of goats
Journal of Dairy Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-04 , DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14450
Giuseppe M. Vacca , Giorgia Stocco , Maria L. Dettori , Andrea Summer , Claudio Cipolat-Gotet , Giovanni Bittante , Michele Pazzola

Little is known about the complex process of cheesemaking at the individual level of dairy goats because of the difficulties of producing a high number of model cheeses. The objectives of this work were (1) to study the cheesemaking ability of goat milk; (2) to investigate the variability of cheesemaking-related traits among different farms; (3) to assess the effects of stage of lactation and parity; and (4) to compare 6 breeds of goat (Saanen and Camosciata delle Alpi for the Alpine type; Murciano-Granadina, Maltese, Sarda and Sarda Primitiva for the Mediterranean type) for their cheesemaking ability. For each goat (n = 560) we studied (1) 8 milk quality traits (fat, protein, total solids, casein, lactose, pH, somatic cell score, and bacterial count); (2) 4 milk nutrient recovery traits (fat, protein, total solids, and energy) in curd; (3) 3 actual cheese yield traits (fresh cheese, cheese solids, and cheese water); (4) 2 theoretical cheese yield values (fresh cheese and cheese solids) and the related cheesemaking efficiencies; and (5) daily milk yield and 3 daily cheese yield traits (fresh cheese, cheese solids, and water retained in the curd). With respect to individual animal factors, farm was not particularly important for recovery traits or actual and theoretical cheese yield and estimates of efficiency, whereas it highly influenced daily productions. Parity of goats influenced daily cheese production, whereas DIM slightly affected recovery as well as percent and daily cheese yield traits. Breed was the most important source of variation for almost all cheesemaking traits. Compared with those of Alpine type, the 4 Mediterranean breeds had, on average, lower daily milk and cheese productions, greater actual and theoretical cheese yield, and higher recovery of nutrients in the curd. Among Alpine type, Camosciata delle Alpi was characterized by greater nutrients recovery than Saanen. Within the 4 Mediterranean types, the 3 Italians produced much less milk per day, with much more fat and protein and greater recovery traits than the Murciano-Granadina, resulting in greater actual cheese yield. Within the Italian breeds, milk from Sarda and Sarda Primitiva was characterized by lower daily yields, higher protein and fat content, and greater recoveries of nutrients than Maltese goats. These results confirmed the potential of goat milk for cheese production and could be useful to give new possibilities and direction in breeding programs.



中文翻译:

6种山羊的奶酪产量,奶酪制作效率和日产量

由于生产大量标准奶酪的困难,人们对奶山羊个体生产奶酪的复杂过程知之甚少。这项工作的目的是(1)研究山羊奶的干酪制造能力;(2)调查不同农场之间与奶酪制作相关的性状的变异性;(3)评估泌乳阶段和胎次的影响;(4)比较6个山羊品种(高山型为Saanen和Camosciata delle Alpi;地中海型为Murciano-Granadina,马耳他,Sarda和Sarda Primitiva)的奶酪制作能力。对于每只山羊(n = 560),我们研究了(1)8个牛奶品质特征(脂肪,蛋白质,总固体,酪蛋白,乳糖,pH,体细胞评分和细菌数量);(2)凝乳中的4种牛奶营养素回收特征(脂肪,蛋白质,总固体和能量);(3)3个实际的奶酪产量特征(新鲜奶酪,奶酪固体和奶酪水);(4)2个理论奶酪产量值(新鲜奶酪和奶酪固体)以及相关的奶酪制作效率;(5)每日牛奶产量和3个每日奶酪产量特征(新鲜奶酪,奶酪固体和凝乳中保留的水分)。就个别动物因素而言,农场对于恢复性状或实际和理论上的奶酪产量以及效率的估算并不是特别重要,而它对日产量的影响很大。山羊的比价影响每日奶酪产量,而DIM稍微影响恢复率以及百分比和每日奶酪产量性状。育种是几乎所有奶酪制作特性的最重要变异来源。与高山类型相比,地中海4个品种平均具有 降低牛奶和奶酪的每日产量,提高实际和理论奶酪的产量,并提高凝乳中养分的回收率。在高山类型中,Camosciata delle Alpi的特征在于比Saanen具有更高的养分回收率。在四种地中海类型中,三种意大利人每天生产的牛奶要少得多,脂肪和蛋白质含量更高,而且恢复特性比穆尔西亚诺-格拉纳迪纳州更好,因此实际奶酪产量更高。在意大利品种中,与马耳他山羊相比,来自Sarda和Sarda Primitiva的牛奶具有较低的日产量,较高的蛋白质和脂肪含量以及更高的营养回收率。这些结果证实了羊奶在奶酪生产中的潜力,并可能有助于为育种计划提供新的可能性和方向。凝乳中养分的回收率更高。在高山类型中,Camosciata delle Alpi的特征在于比Saanen具有更高的养分回收率。在四种地中海类型中,三种意大利人每天生产的牛奶要少得多,脂肪和蛋白质含量更高,而且恢复特性比穆尔恰诺-格拉纳迪纳州更好,因此实际奶酪产量更高。在意大利品种中,与马耳他山羊相比,来自Sarda和Sarda Primitiva的牛奶具有较低的日产量,较高的蛋白质和脂肪含量以及更高的营养回收率。这些结果证实了羊奶在奶酪生产中的潜力,并可能有助于为育种计划提供新的可能性和方向。凝乳中养分的回收率更高。在高山类型中,Camosciata delle Alpi的特征在于比Saanen具有更高的养分回收率。在四种地中海类型中,三种意大利人每天生产的牛奶要少得多,脂肪和蛋白质含量更高,而且恢复特性比穆尔恰诺-格拉纳迪纳州更好,因此实际奶酪产量更高。在意大利品种中,与马耳他山羊相比,来自Sarda和Sarda Primitiva的牛奶具有较低的日产量,较高的蛋白质和脂肪含量以及更高的营养回收率。这些结果证实了羊奶在奶酪生产中的潜力,并可能有助于为育种计划提供新的可能性和方向。在四种地中海类型中,三种意大利人每天生产的牛奶要少得多,脂肪和蛋白质含量更高,而且恢复特性比穆尔恰诺-格拉纳迪纳州更好,因此实际奶酪产量更高。在意大利品种中,与马耳他山羊相比,来自Sarda和Sarda Primitiva的牛奶具有较低的日产量,较高的蛋白质和脂肪含量以及更高的营养回收率。这些结果证实了羊奶在奶酪生产中的潜力,并可能有助于为育种计划提供新的可能性和方向。在四种地中海类型中,三种意大利人每天生产的牛奶要少得多,脂肪和蛋白质含量更高,而且恢复特性比穆尔恰诺-格拉纳迪纳州更好,因此实际奶酪产量更高。在意大利品种中,与马耳他山羊相比,来自Sarda和Sarda Primitiva的牛奶具有较低的日产量,较高的蛋白质和脂肪含量以及更高的营养回收率。这些结果证实了羊奶在奶酪生产中的潜力,并可能有助于为育种计划提供新的可能性和方向。与马耳他山羊相比,来自Sarda和Sarda Primitiva的牛奶的特点是日产量较低,蛋白质和脂肪含量较高,并且营养物质回收率更高。这些结果证实了羊奶在奶酪生产中的潜力,并可能有助于为育种计划提供新的可能性和方向。与马耳他山羊相比,来自Sarda和Sarda Primitiva的牛奶的特点是日产量较低,蛋白质和脂肪含量较高,并且营养物质回收率更高。这些结果证实了羊奶在奶酪生产中的潜力,并可能有助于为育种计划提供新的可能性和方向。

更新日期:2018-07-05
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