The irradiation of aqueous acetonitrile solutions, containing electron deficient alkenes, dienes and active methylene compounds along with sodium or cesium carbonate and catalytic amounts of phenanthrene or pyrene, gives rise to the formation of novel three-component coupling products and diene dimers. Cinnamonitrile and benzylidenemalononitrile and its derivatives serve as electron-acceptors; 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene and malononitrile anion serve as electron donors in this process. Based on the results of UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and the calculated ΔG values for single electron transfer (SET), mechanisms are proposed for the coupling reaction involving photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between the electron deficient alkenes and dienes or malononitrile anion via direct excitation of electron deficient alkenes or redox photosensitization using phenanthrene or pyrene serving as a photosensitizer.

中文翻译：

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缺电子烯烃，二烯和活性亚甲基化合物的光诱导三组分偶联反应

含有电子不足的烯烃，二烯和活性亚甲基化合物以及碳酸钠或铯和催化量的菲或pyr的乙腈水溶液的辐照，导致形成新型的三组分偶联产物和二烯二聚体。肉桂腈和亚苄基丙二腈及其衍生物用作电子受体。2,5-二甲基-2,4-己二烯和丙二腈阴离子在此过程中用作电子给体。基于紫外可见吸收光谱的结果和计算出的单电子转移（SET）的ΔG值，提出了涉及电子不足的烯烃与二烯或丙二腈阴离子之间通过光诱导电子转移（PET）的偶联反应的机理。 使用菲或pyr作为光敏剂直接激发缺电子的烯烃或氧化还原光敏化。