Biomarkers of antioxidant and biotransformation systems are commonly used to assess polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in fish. Despite their extensive application of biomarkers, contradictory results are vastly reported in the literature, even for the same species in similar contamination scenarios. This study aims to verify response patterns of biomarkers in fish exposed to PAHs. Through systematic reviews and meta-analyses, we were able to evaluate: (i) overall magnitude of PAHs effects on biotransformation and oxidative stress biomarkers; (ii) patterns of response among experimental approaches (laboratory, field and active biomonitoring), environment (marine and freshwater) and fish habitat (pelagic, demersal, etc.); (iii) effects of exposure route, time and concentration of PAHs; and (iv) which biomarkers respond best to PAHs exposure. Overall, biomarker responses were significantly affected by PAHs exposure. The activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and lipid peroxide (LPO) significantly increased in fish exposed to PAHs, whereas catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) were not affected. Amongst responsive biomarkers, EROD and GST activities significantly differed among approaches and between marine and freshwater environments, but were not affected by fish habitat. GSSG levels were higher in fish from laboratory bioassays compared to the field, but did not differ between environments nor habitats. Exposure route played a major role only for GST and GPx responses. Finally, increasing PAHs concentration and exposure time had a significant effect on all assessed biomarkers, except for CAT. We conclude that EROD and GST are robust biomarkers to assess PAHs effects in fish. Contrarily, CAT is an inadequate biomarker of PAHs exposure since no significant response was observed. Our study also highlighted some research gaps in PAHs contamination studies, such as a clear lack of active biomonitoring experiments.

抗氧化剂和生物转化系统的生物标志物通常用于评估鱼类中的多环芳烃（PAHs）污染。尽管它们广泛地使用了生物标志物，但在文献中也有大量报道相互矛盾的结果，即使是在相似污染情况下的相同物种也是如此。这项研究旨在验证暴露于多环芳烃的鱼类中生物标志物的反应模式。通过系统的审查和荟萃分析，我们能够评估：（i） PAHs对生物转化和氧化应激生物标志物的总体影响程度；（ii）实验方法（实验室，田间和主动生物监测），环境（海洋和淡水）和鱼类栖息地（中上层，沉水等）之间的响应方式；（iii）暴露途径，时间和多环芳烃浓度的影响；和（iv）哪些生物标记物对PAHs的暴露反应最好。总体而言，生物标志物的反应显着受到PAHs暴露的影响。暴露于鱼类的鱼的乙氧基异戊二烯-O-脱乙基酶（EROD），谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST），超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）以及氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）和脂质过氧化物（LPO）的活性显着增加PAHs，而过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）的活性和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的水平不受影响。在反应性生物标志物中，EROD和GST活性在不同方法之间以及海洋和淡水环境之间存在显着差异，但不受鱼类栖息地的影响。与田间相比，实验室生物测定法中鱼类的GSSG水平更高，但环境和生境之间没有差异。暴露途径仅对GST和GPx响应起主要作用。最后，增加PAHs的浓度和暴露时间对除CAT以外的所有评估的生物标志物均具有显着影响。我们得出结论，EROD和GST是评估鱼类中PAHs效果的有力生物标记。相反，CAT是PAHs暴露的不足生物标志，因为未观察到明显的反应。我们的研究还强调了PAHs污染研究中的一些研究空白，例如明显缺乏积极的生物监测实验。CAT是PAHs暴露的不足生物标志，因为未观察到明显的反应。我们的研究还强调了PAHs污染研究中的一些研究空白，例如明显缺乏积极的生物监测实验。CAT是PAHs暴露的不足生物标志，因为未观察到明显的反应。我们的研究还强调了PAHs污染研究中的一些研究空白，例如明显缺乏积极的生物监测实验。