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Do progestins contribute to (anti-)androgenic activities in aquatic environments?
Environmental Pollution ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.104
Pavel Šauer , Adam Bořík , Oksana Golovko , Roman Grabic , Andrea Vojs Staňová , Olga Valentová , Alžběta Stará , Marie Šandová , Hana Kocour Kroupová

Unknown compounds with (anti-)androgenic activities enter the aquatic environment via municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Progestins are well-known environmental contaminants capable of interfering with androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. The aim of the present study was to determine if 15 selected progestins have potential to contribute to (anti-)androgenic activities in municipal wastewaters and the respective recipient surface waters. AR-specific Chemically Activated LUciferase gene eXpression bioassay in agonistic (AR-CALUX) and antagonistic (anti-AR-CALUX) modes and liquid chromatography tandem atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/atmospheric photoionization with hybrid quadrupole/orbital trap mass spectrometry operated in high resolution product scan mode (LC-APCI/APPI-HRPS) methods were used to assess (anti-)androgenic activity and to detect the target compounds, respectively. The contribution of progestins to (anti-)androgenic activities was evaluated by means of a biologically and chemically derived toxicity equivalent approach. Androgenic (0.08–59 ng/L dihydrotestosterone equivalents – DHT EQs) and anti-androgenic (2.4–26 μg/L flutamide equivalents – FLU EQs) activities and progestins (0.19–75 ng/L) were detected in selected aquatic environments. Progestins displayed androgenic potencies (0.01–0.22 fold of dihydrotestosterone) and strong anti-androgenic potencies (9–62 fold of flutamide). Although they accounted to some extent for androgenic (0.3–29%) and anti-androgenic (4.6–27%) activities in influents, the progestins’ contribution to (anti-)androgenic activities was negligible (≤2.1%) in effluents and surface waters. We also tested joint effect of equimolar mixtures of target compounds and the results indicate that compounds interact in an additive manner. Even if progestins possess relatively strong (anti-)androgenic activities, when considering their low concentrations (sub-ng/L to ng/L) it seems unlikely that they would be the drivers of (anti-)androgenic effects in Czech aquatic environments.



中文翻译:

孕激素是否有助于水生环境中的(抗)雄激素活性?

具有(抗)雄激素活性的未知化合物通过市政废水处理厂(WWTP)进入水生环境。孕激素是众所周知的环境污染物,能够干扰雄激素受体(AR)信号传导途径。本研究的目的是确定15种选定的孕激素是否具有促进城市废水和各自接受者地表水中的(抗)雄激素活性的潜能。高分辨率(AR-CALUX)和拮抗(anti-AR-CALUX)模式下的AR特异性化学活化的LUciferase基因表达生物测定和高分辨率串联操作的液相色谱串联大气压化学电离/大气光电离与混合四极杆/轨道阱质谱扫描模式(LC-APCI / APPI-HRPS)方法分别用于评估(抗)雄激素活性和检测目标化合物。孕激素对(抗)雄激素活性的贡献是通过生物和化学衍生的毒性当量方法评估的。在选定的水生环境中检测到雄激素(0.08–59 ng / L二氢睾丸酮当量– DHT EQs)和抗雄激素(2.4–26μg/ L氟他胺当量– FLU EQs)活性和孕激素(0.19–75 ng / L)被检测到。孕激素表现出雄激素效力(二氢睾丸激素的0.01-0.22倍)和强的抗雄激素效力(氟他胺的9-62倍)。尽管它们在某种程度上占进水中雄激素(0.3–29%)和抗雄激素(4.6–27%)的活性,但是孕激素在废水和表面中对(抗)雄激素活性的贡献可忽略不计(≤2.1%)水域。我们还测试了目标化合物等摩尔混合物的联合作用,结果表明化合物以加合方式相互作用。即使孕激素具有相对较强的(抗雄激素)活性,但考虑到其低浓度(sub-ng / L至ng / L),在捷克的水生环境中似乎也不会成为(抗)雄激素作用的驱动力。22倍的二氢睾丸激素)和强的抗雄激素能力(氟他胺的9-62倍)。尽管它们在某种程度上占进水中雄激素(0.3–29%)和抗雄激素(4.6–27%)的活性,但是孕激素在废水和表面中对(抗)雄激素活性的贡献可忽略不计(≤2.1%)水域。我们还测试了目标化合物等摩尔混合物的联合作用,结果表明化合物以加合方式相互作用。即使孕激素具有相对较强的(抗雄激素)活性,但考虑到其低浓度(sub-ng / L至ng / L),在捷克的水生环境中似乎也不会成为(抗)雄激素作用的驱动力。22倍的二氢睾丸激素)和强的抗雄激素能力(氟他胺的9-62倍)。尽管它们在某种程度上占进水中雄激素(0.3–29%)和抗雄激素(4.6–27%)的活性,但是孕激素在废水和表面中对(抗)雄激素活性的贡献可忽略不计(≤2.1%)水域。我们还测试了目标化合物等摩尔混合物的联合作用,结果表明化合物以加合方式相互作用。即使孕激素具有相对较强的(抗雄激素)活性,但考虑到其低浓度(sub-ng / L至ng / L),在捷克的水生环境中似乎也不会成为(抗)雄激素作用的驱动力。进水中的活性为6–27%,孕激素对(抗)雄激素活性的贡献在废水和地表水中微不足道(≤2.1%)。我们还测试了目标化合物等摩尔混合物的联合作用,结果表明化合物以加合方式相互作用。即使孕激素具有相对较强的(抗雄激素)活性,但考虑到其低浓度(sub-ng / L至ng / L),在捷克的水生环境中似乎也不会成为(抗)雄激素作用的驱动力。进水中的活性为6–27%,孕激素对(抗)雄激素活性的贡献在废水和地表水中微不足道(≤2.1%)。我们还测试了目标化合物等摩尔混合物的联合作用,结果表明化合物以加合方式相互作用。即使孕激素具有相对较强的(抗雄激素)活性,但考虑到其低浓度(sub-ng / L至ng / L),在捷克的水生环境中似乎也不会成为(抗)雄激素作用的驱动力。

更新日期:2018-07-05
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